医护人员血源性病原体职业危害研究进展

本研究的目的是了解医护人员血源性病原体职业接触流行特征、职业危害及其研究进展。结果表明,发生针刺及其他锐器损伤的最主要的职业群体是护理人员,最容易导致医护人员损伤的锐器为注射器针头、玻璃安瓿、缝合针和手术刀片等,导致医护人员锐器伤的最常见的医疗操作是注射、缝合和采血。发生血源性病原体职业接触后,医护人员可能感染HBV、HCV及HIV等多种血源性病原体。国内既往研究大多关注伤害发生率及相关危险因素,未对血源性病原体职业接触后感染HBV、HCV及HIV的风险开展研究,尚需通过建立队列,开展前瞻性调查研究。     

港口危险货物装卸作业人员安全行为能力影响因素研究

为全面加强港口危险货物装卸安全管理工作,促进危险货物安全生产形势持续稳定好转,以江苏省危险货物水路运输企业为依托,在文献调研和专家咨询的基础上,提出港口危险货物装卸作业人员安全行为能力影响因素基本模型;以问卷调查的方式评测安全行为能力影响因素,运用SPSS软件对问卷进行信度、效度检验;最后基于问卷检验结果和基本模型,构...     

Red light: A novel,non-pharmacological intervention to promote alertness in shift workers

Introduction: Night work requires inversion of the natural, diurnal human activity-rest cycle and is associated with decreased alertness and some measures of performance, reduced safety, adverse health effects, and chronic disruption of the melatonin cycle that has been associated with increased risk for several major diseases. Previous studies show that red light exposures at night can promote alertness and improve performance while not negatively affecting melatonin secretion. Method: This ongoing crossover, mixed (within- and between-subjects) design field study is testing the efficacy and acceptance of red light delivered to day-shift and night-shift workers using personal light glasses while they are at work. Each participant experienced three lighting interventions at the eyes: red light (50 lx, 630 nm, the treatment intervention), blue light (50 lx, 460 nm, the positive control intervention), and dim white light (10 lx, 3,000 K, the placebo control). During the interventions, participants underwent visual performance testing, submitted salivary melatonin and cortisol samples, and provided subjective reports of sleepiness, sleep disturbance, and general health over the 20-week protocol. Due to the ongoing nature of the study, only the performance and subjective reports are presented here. Results: Preliminary results indicate that response times were improved by the red and blue interventions, but not accuracy and hit rates. Blue light was associated with improvements to self-reported sleep disturbances compared to dim light. Conclusions: These field results partially support our laboratory results that showed a positive effect of red light for promoting alertness and certain performance outcomes during the day and at night. Practical Applications: Red light may be used to improve response times in shift workers. Continued research will elucidate the lighting interventions’ effects on melatonin and objective sleep measures (actigraphy).     

Assessment of oxidative stress due to exposure to pesticides in plasma and urine of traditional limited-resource farm workers: Formation of the DNA-adduct 8-hydroxy-2-deoxy-guanosine (8-OHdG)

The objective of this study was to assess the risk of genotoxicity caused due to oxidative stress using plasma and urinary levels of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in farm workers for six months during a growing season. Blood and urine samples were collected once a month for six months (June to November 2003) from farm workers (n = 15) and urban unexposed controls (n = 10). Plasma and urinary levels of 8-OHdG were evaluated by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) technique. There was no significant difference in the urinary levels of 8-OHdG between the farm workers and the control group, but there was an approximately four-fold increase in mean values of plasma 8-OHdG levels in the farm worker group (P ≤ 0.05).     

Simple analytical method for determination of pesticide residues in human serum by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

The aim of this study was to develop an analytical method for the determination of residues of organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides which are widely used in Tunisia. This method involves a liquid-liquid extraction procedure followed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) for the identification and quantification of compounds. Ionization of molecules was performed by the electrospray mode. Multiple reactions monitoring (MRM) was the acquisition mode used for the monitoring of two MS/MS transitions for each compound. The average recoveries obtained, at three different fortification levels, ranged between 65% and 106% for most of the pesticides studied, except for methamidophos (lower than 25%).The linearity of the method was in the range of 5 to 50 μ g/L with a correlation coefficient from 0.995 to 0.999, depending on the analyte. The estimated limit of detection and limit of quantification were 2 μ g/L and 5 μ g/L, respectively. The precision of the analytical procedure was satisfactory and the coefficients of variation, evaluated at three concentration levels were lower than 15% for most pesticides studied. The application of the method was investigated in a population of agricultural workers chronically exposed to various pesticides some of which, such as carbofuran, carbendazim, methomyl and pirimicarb, were detected in some serum samples.     

影响铁路职工不安全行为的因素研究

职工不安全行为是导致铁路事故的重要因素之一,为了预防和控制铁路职工的不安全行为,减少人为事故的发生,从个体、环境、设备和管理4个维度对影响职工不安全行为的因素进行分析并建立铁路职工不安全行为的影响因素指标体系,应用网络层次分析法对各因素的影响程度进行量化分析.结果表明:作业制度、激励机制、安全意识、安全教育、安全文化、...     

Parents’ work injuries and children’s mental health: The moderating role of children’s work centrality

Introduction: The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between parents’ work-related injuries and their children’s mental health, and whether children’s work centrality – the extent to which a child believes work will play an important part in their life – exacerbates or buffers this relationship. Method: We argue that high work centrality can exacerbate the relationship between parental work injuries and children’s mental health, with parental work injuries acting as identity-threatening stressors; in contrast, high work centrality may buffer this relationship, with parental work injuries acting as identity-confirming stressors. We test this relationship with a sample of Canadian children (N = 4,884, 46.2% female, M age = 13.67 years). Results:Children whose parents had experienced more frequent lost-time work-related injuries reported worse mental health with high work centrality buffering this negative relationship. Conclusions: Our study highlights the vicarious effects of work injuries on salient others, specifically parental work injuries on children’s mental health, as well as the role of work centrality in shaping children’s sense-making and expectations about the consequences of work.     

Fertility signals in the bumblebee Bombus terrestris (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

In eusocial Hymenoptera, queen control over workers is probably inseparable from the mechanism of queen recognition. In primitively eusocial bumblebees (Bombus), worker reproduction is controlled not only by the presence or absence of a dominant queen but also by other dominant workers. Furthermore, it was shown that the queen dominance is maintained by pheromonal cues. We investigated whether there is a similar odor signal released by egg-laying queens and workers that may have a function as a fertility signal. We collected cuticular surface extracts from nest-searching and breeding Bombus terrestris queens and workers that were characterized by their ovarian stages. In chemical analyses, we identified 61 compounds consisting of aldehydes, alkanes, alkenes, and fatty acid esters. Nest-searching queens and all groups of breeding females differed significantly in their odor bouquets. Furthermore, workers before the competition point (time point of colony development where workers start to develop ovaries and lay eggs) differed largely from queens and all other groups of workers. Breeding queens showed a unique bouquet of chemical compounds and certain queen-specific compounds, and the differences toward workers decrease with an increasing development of the workers' ovaries, hinting the presence of a reliable fertility signal. Among the worker groups, the smallest differences were found after the competition point. Egg-laying females contained higher total amounts of chemical compounds and of relative proportions of wax-type esters and aldehydes than nest-searching queens and workers before the competition point. Therefore, these compounds may have a function as a fertility signal present in queens and workers.     

铁路糖尿病患病职工血糖控制现状分析

了解某地区铁路糖尿病患病职工血糖控制情况,为改进健康干预措施提供依据。选取新诊断糖尿病职工272人及已确诊糖尿病职工175人,分析其健康体检结果及影响因素。结果表明,目前该地区糖尿病患病职工HbA1c <7%占46.98%,原已确诊糖尿病职工糖化血红蛋白控制率29.14%,入院治疗原因中健康体检检出血糖增高和出现糖尿病症状占75.43%,药物治疗率65.71%,运动和饮食控制率均为21.71%;新诊断与原已确诊糖尿病职工在血脂异常、肥胖、腹型肥胖差异有统计学意义。该地区糖尿病患病职工规范治疗后血脂异常、肥胖等有所降低,但糖尿病患病职工新诊断病例高、血糖控制率低,原已确诊糖尿病患病职工自我健康管理能力不足;提出应充分发挥健康体检筛查作用、早诊断早防治早干预、劝导规范就医、加强精准健康干预等建议。     

施工人员安全能力模型研究

在能力定义及能力模型文献综述的基础上,结合建筑业的实际,给出施工人员安全能力定义及其内涵,认为施工人员所表现出来的安全能力是安全能力任务与其内在特质相互匹配的结果;剖析安全能力与不安全行为及事故之间的关系,得出安全能力的匮乏必然导致施工人员作出不安全行为进而导致事故的发生。根据上述研究,结合建筑施工安全影响因素,提出并建立了施工人员安全能力模型。依据美国OSHA安全事故数据库中记录的一个高处坠落事故案例,应用该模型分析施工人员所表现出来的安全能力,从实践角度理解施工人员安全能力。此外,提出施工人员安全能力研究中一些有待思考和探索的问题。