半干旱油田开采区生态建设方法与对策研究

半干旱地区生态环境比较脆弱,而油田开采生产活动、人类生活活动与生态环境之间相互影响,相互制约。为保障油田生产及生态环境的协调发展,对半干旱油田开采区进行生态建设显得尤为重要。对油田开采区进行功能分区,将开采区分为生态园林绿化区、生态防护林与景观生态建设区、水土流失治理区、施工区及取弃土场土地复垦区等几个区域。根据不同功能区特点,提出生态建设的具体方法和对策,指导半干旱油田开采区生产生活活动可持续发展。     

基于复合语言表达的装备维修合同商评价与选择

目的科学选择最优装备维修合同商。方法提出装备维修合同商的综合评价指标,建立一种同时使用比较语言和单一语言表达的装备维修合同商选择评价模型。利用层次分析法确定指标权重,采用复合语言对备选合同商的各项指标进行评价,将复合语言转换为犹豫模糊语言术语集(HFLTS),通过有序加权平均(OWA)算子计算HFLTS的模糊包络,最后应用逼近理想点(TOPSIS)法进行了合同商的评价和选择。结果通过实例验证了该选择方法的实用性和有效性。结论为军方合理选择最优装备维修合同商提供了重要模型借鉴。     

采油废水处理技术研究

采油废水含有大量聚合物,成分复杂,粘度大,且乳化严重极难处理,目前已有部分相关的研究报道.文中关注了近十年各种处理技术的研究成果,着重介绍了传统工艺和膜处理技术在采油废水领域的应用与研究以及存在的主要问题,虽然膜处理存在污染问题,但大量研究结果表明传统处理技术与膜处理技术的有效组合是达到油田回注水标准的有效途径.     

Assessment of health-care waste disposal methods using a VIKOR-based fuzzy multi-criteria decision making method

Nowadays selection of the appropriate treatment method in health-care waste (HCW) management has become a challenge task for the municipal authorities especially in developing countries. Assessment of HCW disposal alternatives can be regarded as a complicated multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) problem which requires consideration of multiple alternative solutions and conflicting tangible and intangible criteria. The objective of this paper is to present a new MCDM technique based on fuzzy set theory and VIKOR method for evaluating HCW disposal methods. Linguistic variables are used by decision makers to assess the ratings and weights for the established criteria. The ordered weighted averaging (OWA) operator is utilized to aggregate individual opinions of decision makers into a group assessment. The computational procedure of the proposed framework is illustrated through a case study in Shanghai, one of the largest cities of China. The HCW treatment alternatives considered in this study include “incineration”, “steam sterilization”, “microwave” and “landfill”. The results obtained using the proposed approach are analyzed in a comparative way.     

胜坨油田冲砂清洁生产工艺的探讨

立足油田清洁生产,对修井冲砂工艺、工具和配套技术进行优化,应用后效果显著.     

典型油田区油污土壤微生物群落区域性分布研究

石油污染改变土壤微生态环境,驱动了土壤微生物群落结构的演替与进化.为了深入探究油田区油污土壤中微生物群落分布特征,揭示区域性的土壤微生物群落结构成因,采用Miseq平台的16S rDNA扩增子测序技术分析了辽河油田和大庆油田区6组共计18个土壤样品的微生物群落多样性及结构组成,并结合土壤环境因子指标剖析了群落结构成因,进而预测了具有石油代谢能力的功能菌属.结果表明,石油含量随着距井口距离增加而减少,石油的空间分布特征是影响微生物群落结构变化的关键因子,6组土壤样品的OTU分属于49门、131纲、169目、328科和564属,微生物种群多样性随着污油浓度的增加而减小;两油田共有5个相同优势菌门,2种优势菌属;辽河油田区独特优势菌门为Saccharibacteria门,优势菌属为微枝形杆菌属（Microvirga）、分支杆菌属（Mycobacterium）和Defluviicoccus属;大庆油田独特优势菌门为拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）,独特优势菌属包括盐单胞菌属（Halomonas）、食烷菌属（Alcanivorax）和海杆菌属（Marinobacter）等.冗余分析（RDA）结果表明污油组成是微生物群落差异性分布的决定性因素,胶质的高含量与强毒性诱导辽河油田区微生物群落获得较强的胁迫抗性;同时区域生态环境背景差异也是影响微生物群落整体胁迫抗性的重要因子.结合PICRUSt分析预测,共发现2种辽河油田区和5种大庆油田区石油功能降解优势菌属,为石油降解功能菌剂的种质资源的高效开发提供目标菌株.     

数字石油矿区的设计构想

从数字地球和石油矿区相关概念出发,分析了信息技术在石油矿区可持续发展中的重要地位和作用。从油田开发、炼制对生态环境的影响及信息、信息技术在油田可持续发展中的作用方面探讨了数字矿区建设的必要性;从数字石油矿区建设的可行性、任务及构成方面提出了数字石油矿区的设计思想。同时分析了数字石油矿区的建立对优化资源配置、环保治理、基础设施和产业结构优化、矿区规划与决策产生的影响及其在矿区可持续发展中的应用前景。     

聚天冬氨酸作为油田阻垢剂的研究进展

目前国内油田注水管线清洗需要性能更佳的阻垢剂。经过对比研究,选择聚天冬氨酸作为油田阻垢清洗剂。同传统的阻垢剂相比,它的阻垢效果好,而且生物降解性极佳。分析了合成条件、相对分子量对合成的聚天冬氨酸阻垢性能的影响,确定了最佳的合成条件,并提出了聚天冬氨酸在其他领域的应用和今后的发展方向。     

用超声气浮—BAF组合工艺处理油田稠油污水

利用超声气浮处理机对稠油油田污水进行的室内试验研究结果表明,超声气浮工艺对污水中COD的去除效果不明显,去除率只有23.0%。但是,经超声气浮处理后,污水的可生化性明显得到改善,BOD5/CODcr值由0.18上升到0.31,这为稠油污水的二级生化处理创造了条件。稠油污水经超声气浮-BAF组合工艺处理后,出水水质可达到国家GB8978-1996一级标准的水质要求。     

An empirical investigation of safety climate in container terminal operators

INTRODUCTION: This study empirically evaluates the crucial dimensions of safety climate from a container terminal operator's perspective, specifically in the Port of Kaohsiung. METHOD: Seven safety climate dimensions are identified based on factor analysis: (a) supervisor safety, (b) job safety, (c) coworkers' safety, (d) safety management, (e) safety training, (f) safety rules and special safety training, and (g) job pressure. Cluster analysis is subsequently performed to form worker groups. Respondents are categorized into four groups on the basis of their factor scores in safety climate dimensions: (a) safety management oriented terminal operators, (b) safety training and management oriented terminal operators, (c) job safety and supervisor safety oriented terminal operators, and (d) coworkers' safety oriented terminal operators. RESULTS: Results indicate that safety training and management oriented terminal operators have the best safety performance, followed by safety management oriented terminal operators, job safety and supervisor safety oriented terminal operators, and coworkers' safety oriented terminal operators. Theoretical and practical implications of the research findings are discussed.