Motor vehicle towing: An analysis of injuries in a high-risk yet understudied industry

Objectives: National fatality rates for commercial tow truck operators exceed those of other first responders who also perform traffic incident management services. The objectives of the current study are to (1) characterize causal factors associated with injuries among commercial tow truck operators engaged in roadside assistance through analysis of coded and free text data obtained from U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) investigation files, and (2) utilize supplemental data sources to analyze environmental factors for injuries in which commercial tow truck operators were struck by roadway traffic. Methods: Searches of OSHA’s online IMIS database were performed to identify investigations of incidents in which tow truck operators were injured while performing roadside assistance duties. Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) requests were submitted to obtain full investigation files for each case. Coded and narrative text analyses were performed to identify causal themes across the identified cases. Results: One-hundred and six cases of tow truck operators being killed or severely injured were identified in IMIS; 41 FOIA requests for related investigation documents were fulfilled. Two major event type themes were identified which accounted for 9 in 10 of the cases identified. These were (1) ‘struck-by’ incidents, which were primarily injuries resulting from contact with roadway traffic, rolling vehicles and equipment or other non-motorized objects; and (2) ‘caught-in or -between’ incidents, which were primarily injuries resulting from being pinned beneath and between vehicles and being caught in moving parts. Conclusions: The towing industry should provide initial and refresher safety training on vehicle loading and unloading, defensive techniques when exposed to traffic on roadways, and proper wheel chocking and braking procedures. States should include tow trucks as a first responder vehicle type in their “Move Over” laws and implement public awareness campaigns to protect all first responders, including tow truck operators.     

库车前陆盆地流体化学、成因与流动

库车前陆盆地寒武系 -第三系流体分析显示 :寒武系 -奥陶系和侏罗系油田水与白垩系 -第三系有所差异 ,前者总矿化度相对较低 ,为 90g/L～ 1 1 0g/L ;相对富Ca2 + 和HCO-3 ;后者总矿化度介于 73g/L～ 3 1 0g/L,主要为 1 3 0g/L～ 2 90g/L,相对富K+ +Na+ 和Cl-;而大宛齐第三系油田水则相对富Ca。影响水化学演化的因素包括 :膏盐类、沸石类矿物溶解以及白云化作用和富镁绿泥石形成等。白垩系油田水δ18O、δD关系显示为淡水蒸发成因 ,且在轮台断隆带油田水87Sr/86Sr向西降低 ,指示了富87Sr的流体来自东部的碎屑泥岩 ,这与本区煤成油运移方向是一致的。而 2个寒武系 -奥陶系油田水87Sr/86Sr高达0 .71 71 6,并富Li、B、Sr元素和δ18O ,被认为来自结晶基岩 ,与氮气、氦气及部分甲烷的来源一致。     

高温优势菌生物膜法处理采油废水

叙述了一种适宜于油田采油废水处理的高温生物处理工艺－－高效优势菌结合生物膜法，研究了各种因素对采油废水处理效果的影响，确定了高效优势菌的投加比例，并对实际工程的效果进行了论述。     

海岸线卫星遥感提取方法研究

海岸线位置的确定是海岛海岸带遥感调查的重要环节.本文以辽宁省大连、营口地区的海岸为研究对象,提出了根据不同海岸类型的地貌特点对卫星图像中海岸线的解译方法;借助数字图像处理技术对不同类型海岸的图像进行针对性的预处理,使用IDL语言实现Canny算子、中值滤波器和腐蚀算子,完成了对卫星图像中海岸线的自动提取;证明了使用潮位高度与卫星图像结合计算坡度的方法并应用于海岸线位置的校正.     

油田开发对湿地的影响及合理利用湿地问题

协调好湿地保护与石油、天然气资源开发的关系已经越来越受到人们的重视。针对油田在开发过程中对湿地所产生的直接或间接的影响,重点讨论了将不利影响降到最小、保护湿地资源、保护湿地的生态环境及充分发挥湿地的各种功能等问题。指出了湿地保护和合理利用湿地的必要性,并提出了相应的保护和利用湿地的措施。     

调整抽油机参数液压工具的研制及应用

针对抽油机调整作业中劳动强度大、易造成人身伤害的问题,研制了调整抽油机参数液压工具,介绍了调整抽油机参数液压工具的构造、操作方法.经现场试用,效果良好.     

油田常用化学品对含油废水处理效果的影响

通过对江汉油田采油废水水质分析以及混凝实验研究,分析采油作业返排液中主要化学组分对含油废水混凝处理效果的影响,探讨了混凝剂、常用油田化学品与浊度及油含量去除率的关系,初步分析了它们的作用机理。研究表明,在钻井液中,单宁、磺化酚醛树脂(SMP)等对含油废水处理的影响很大,在压裂液中瓜胶、重铬酸钾等的影响较大,酸化液中乙酸和柠檬酸等的影响较大,射孔液中盐酸等的影响较大。本研究的结果对于消除返排液对油田生产的不良影响,保证系列增储上产措施的实施及其有效性,避免环境污染,具有十分重要的参考价值。     

建设绿色油田的实践与探索

建设绿色油田,是落实科学发展观、构建和谐社会的需要,是造福当代、惠及子孙的事业。新疆油田公司在油田的总体发展目标中,把建设绿色油田摆在了非常突出的位置,并于2007年以来进行了积极的实践和探索,分析了取得的效果,找出了存在的问题,提出了相应的对策与建议。     

油田废水排放标准适应性研究与探索

文章对油田外排废水中的石油类、COD_(Cr)等第二类污染物的排放标准进行分区、分级划定的研究,同时选择对西部干旱区生态环境有重要影响作用的总盐指标排放标准进行分区分级研究,为新疆油田公司实施"分区保护、分级防治、分类管理"提供科学依据。研究成果在石西油田、六九区大沙河排放口等地进行试点应用,为最终实现油田环境保护与经济发展双赢提供有益的借鉴。     

试论油田开发与干旱荒漠区生态功能划分的原则 ──以诺敏戈壁三塘湖油田生态功能区划为例

三塘湖油田生态环境保护指导思想为:"分区保护、分类防治、分级管理"。文章通过分析干旱荒漠区生态功能的划分,根据三塘湖油田开发区生态环境特征、生态系统服务功能、生态环境功能重要性与敏感性的空间分异规律,确定区域生态功能分区,为制定生态环境保护计划、维护区域生态安全、促进社会经济可持续发展提供科学依据。