Indigenous people and mineral taxation regimes

Indigenous people in a number of major mineral-producing countries have established a substantial and growing capacity to tax mineral resources extracted from their traditional lands. However, almost no analysis has been conducted regarding the conceptual and practical issues involved in designing mineral taxation regimes for use by indigenous people. The general literature on mineral taxation is of limited relevance because basic assumptions it makes regarding the nature of the taxing authority (national or state governments) do not apply to indigenous peoples. This article discusses some key characteristics of indigenous communities as they relate to taxation of mineral resources. Against this background, it identifies a number of approaches to mineral taxation which might be utilized by indigenous groups and which acknowledge the specific constraints and circumstances they face while at the same time recognizing their need to attract and maintain investment on their traditional lands. It also reviews the inter-relationship between indigenous and state or governmental tax regimes.     

云南澜沧地区拉祜族老人头发中6种微量元素水平调查

用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法（ICP－AES）测定了60例世居澜沧地区拉祜族老人发样中6种微量元素，根据测定结果，比较了不同年龄段间微量元素的差异，并与北京西城区长寿老人发样中微量元素含量进行了比较。结果表明，2个地区老人发样中的Mn,Al存在显著性差异。     

机动车尾气的产生及对人群健康的影响和防治对策

较详细的介绍了机动车燃料和尾气的关系，全面论述了尾气中主要污染物对人体健康的危害，并对防治尾气的污染提出了建议。     

Hurricane Katrina‐linked environmental injustice: race,class, and place differentials in attitudes

Claims of environmental injustice, human neglect, and racism dominated the popular and academic literature after Hurricane Katrina struck the United States in August 2005. A systematic analysis of environmental injustice from the perspective of the survivors remains scanty or nonexistent. This paper presents, therefore, a systematic empirical analysis of the key determinants of Katrina‐induced environmental injustice attitudes among survivors in severely affected parishes (counties) in Louisiana and Mississippi three years into the recovery process. Statistical models based on a random sample of survivors were estimated, with the results revealing significant predictors such as age, children in household under 18, education, homeownership, and race. The results further indicate that African‐Americans were more likely to perceive environmental injustice following Katrina than their white counterparts. Indeed, the investigation reveals that there are substantial racial gaps in measures of environmental injustice. The theoretical, methodological, and applied policy implications of these findings are discussed.     

Drivers of local people’s participation in sustainable natural resource management: a case study in central Iran

The driving forces behind natural resource management (NRM) vary among countries. Most NRM programmes focus on biophysical drivers such as soil, water and vegetation, with little attention directed towards the nuanced sociocultural and religious drivers of sustainable natural resource management (SNRM) practices. This paper explores those understudied drivers that influence local people’s participation (LPP) in SNRM in Isfahan, Iran. Using a multi-stage stratified sampling method, we selected 200 natural resource experts and natural resource users to complete a questionnaire about their perceptions of SNRM. Results reveal that sociocultural and religious beliefs are the major drivers of SNRM. The results also indicate that subsidiary drivers include: a sense of responsibility towards SNRM; the conviction that natural resources belong to God and should therefore be preserved; participation to preserve natural resources because of training courses and media influence; a long-established custom of preserving natural resources; and the specific impact of environmental television programmes. Demographic analysis finds a significant relationship between educational level and LPP in SNRM. This study’s results therefore suggest that natural resource managers would benefit from a deeper understanding of the local sociocultural and religious contexts that motivate people to participate in SNRM.     

常州市老城区水体有机污染分布特征及原因初探

为了老城区河道的合理整治,采用总有机碳（TOC）分析仪对常州市老城区3条河流及区域内浅层地下水的14个采样点水样进行3个月的总有机碳含量检测。老城区水环境受到不同程度的有机污染,某些地下水的TOC含量高于地表水,原因为地表水补给地下水,且老城区水体污染源主要来源于周边地区的生活污水,并受到关河、雨水等的影响,这为常州市老城区水污染治理提供了依据。     

磷酸氨镁法处理晚期垃圾渗滤液氨氮最佳工艺条件

高浓度氨氮（NH^＋4-N）是造成晚期垃圾渗滤液难以生物处理的重要原因之一,当前物化法处理垃圾渗滤液中氨氮存在不足。磷酸氨镁（MAP）沉淀法可以彻底地去除晚期垃圾渗滤液中NH^＋4-N,而且生成的沉淀物是非常好的缓释肥料,具有较高的经济价值及应用前景。研究结果表明,最佳的工艺条件为：pH=8.5-9.5,n（N）：n（Mg）：n（P）=1：1：1时,处理效果较好,NH^＋4-N去除率大于96％,且残余总磷（TP）浓度小于原水值。     

Monitoring of Radiation-Exposed People Close to Mayak Nuclear Facility in the Chelyabinsk Region (Russia) Using Different Biodosimetric Methods

Between 1949 and 1957 Mayak Nuclear Facility locatedin the Chelyabinsk region released some discharges ofradiochemical production wastes into the Techa Riverand Lake Karachay which resulted in an extensivecontamination of large territories with long-livedradionuclides such as ⁹⁰Sr, ¹³⁷Cs, and²³⁹Pu. Between 1994 and 1996 the research teamof Siberian Medical University conducted thechromosome analysis and the electron-spin resonance(ESR) spectrometry of tooth enamel in theradiation-exposed inhabitants of four settlements inthe Techa River region. We observed significantlyincreased levels of chromosome aberrations in theradiation-exposed inhabitants as compared to thecontrols. The ESR signal intensity and the chromosomeaberration frequency in lymphocytes of the toothdonors showed a good correlation. Moreover, therewas a good correlation between the level ofwhole-body ¹³⁷Cs activity detected by awhole-body radiation counter and the frequency ofchromosome aberrations among the radiation-exposed inhabitants. The data showed that 15% of theinhabitants of the Muslyumovo settlement received aradiation dose exceeding 100 cGy. The frequency ofchromosome abnormalities reached its peak in thepersons born between 1949 and 1957. We suppose thatradionuclides incorporated in the body are responsiblefor the chromosome aberrations in the inhabitants.     

爆破对璐简王陵古建筑群的震害影响

璐简王陵及其古建筑群已有400余年的历史,虽然数次毁于兵燹,但至今仍然保存有大量完整的建筑物,然而,方面军些陵墓及建筑物近期却出现了数十处开裂、崩塌和倾斜等破坏,经过认真的野外勘察、分析和研究,认为破坏不是地震缝和断层活动所致,而是与凤凰山、峙山采石场持续不断的近距离爆破震动有关,经鉴定,大爆破造成的破坏烈度可达Ⅳ-Ⅴ度,每次大爆破都相当于一次地震,采石爆破给璐简王陵和古建筑带来了致命的影响和破坏。     

浅论“以新带老”在技改扩建项目环境影响评价中的运用

以氮肥厂为例，提出对以新带老在环境影响评价中的一些认识，并提供如何在化工类技改扩建项目环境影响评价中开展以新带老的方法和思路。