金属矿井热害评价体系与评价方法

为减小金属矿井热害对井下人员安全及井下开采工作的不利影响,需对井下热害进行评价和预测。基于文献调查和专家评价方法,结合工程实际,利用层次分析法构建金属矿井采矿热害评价体系,从生产能力、地质条件、矿井通风、地理环境四个方面提出17个评价指标。在分析层次分析法（AHP）确定权重不足的基础上,结合物元分析理论,建立确定金属矿井热害评价各因素权重的物元分析模型。在各评价因素权重确定的基础上,以BP神经网络作为评价工具,构建金属矿井热害综合评价预测模型。最后,以某矿山为例,进行评价和预测分析。结果表明,基于物元分析和AHP的BP深井网络评价模型预测误差最大只有3%。     

基于多级模糊数学的矿山地质灾害指标体系设计

当前矿山地质灾害指标较为固定,缺少灵活性,较为死板。将多级模糊数学理论应用到金属矿山地质灾害指标体系设计中。结合金属矿山地质灾害不确定性的特征,设计多级模糊模型,进行主客观定权。在上述基础上,将设计的模型应用到灾害评估指标体系设计中。实验结果表明,该模型能够有效提高评估的灵活性,结果也更为准确。     

矿井防灭火技术现状及研究进展

评述了国内外常用防灭火技术的现状,并分析了常用技术的主要优缺点;列举防灭火技术的最新研究进展,包括粉煤灰固化泡沫技术、三相泡沫技术、悬浮山砂的稠化剂技术等;介绍新技术的特点及应用情况。在防治矿井煤炭自燃的过程中,由于煤自燃特点及矿井的实际条件,单一的手段难以起到完全理想的效果,往往是多种防灭火技术综合作用的结果。     

论我国煤矿区的水资源状况及其科学保护

本文对我国煤矿区水资源面临的总本形势，煤矿开采对水资源的破坏及其引起的相关灾害进行了详细论述；并提出了与煤矿开采及煤矿区水资源保护密切相关的几个问题。     

黄土区露天矿排土场生态建设中水分调控技术的研究

平朔露天煤矿位于半干旱的黄土高原区，经过15年的土地复垦与生态重建，已建成比原有生态系统结构更合理，功能更有效的人工生态系统，形成了一套以水分调控技术为核心的比较良好的生态建设技术体系，水分调控技术的提出，形成和发展是针对矿区生态建设的目标而产生的。本文从矿区可持续发展角度，依据露天矿生态建设中水分调控技术的作用和内容，将水分调控技术分为三个阶段；一是水环境安全调控阶段，二是水土保持阶段；三是水分的资源化利用阶段。水资源化利用是今后露天矿生态建设中水分调控技术发展的趋势，为此着重探讨了其技术内容。     

黄土区大型露天矿区土壤质量评价指标研究

土壤质量评价是土壤质量研究的基础和重要内容之一。以平朔露天煤矿区为研究对象,在对矿区充分调查研究的基础上,建立由土壤物理指标、化学指标、生物指标和侵蚀指标4个一级指标和17个二级指标组成的指标体系。运用专家打分法确立了各级评价指标的权重,建立数学模型将指标定量化,根据平朔矿区特点确定了指标分级标准,并进行了评价。评价结果显示:原地貌、采矿后、复垦初期和复垦8年后土壤质量分别为4级、6级、5级和4级。     

露天开采生态环境影响识别与修复技术的探讨——以崇阳露天石煤钒矿矿山开发环评为例

矿山开采活动在获得最大的经济利益的同时,势必给原有的生态环境带来严重破坏和影响.结合矾矿露天采矿特点,讨论矿山开采各个环节对生态因子的影响及强度,筛选主要影响因子,分析露天矿山开采可能引起的地形地貌、土地占用、土壤侵蚀、破坏野生动植物生境、地表水水质、景观格局等方面对环境的影响,并提出相应的优化施工方案、闭坑露天矿山土地、植被复垦等生态环境保护对策,对科学开发崇阳钒矿具有一定参考意义.     

Emission rate formulae for surface iron ore mining activities

A study was carried out at three surface iron ore mines to determine the total suspended particulate emission rate and to develop the formula for the emission rate of various surface iron ore mining activities. The study covered various mining activities and locations including waste loading and unloading, iron ore loading and unloading, screening plant, exposed waste dump, stock yard, exposed pit surface, transport road and haul road. A set of 10 formulae was developed to calculate the total suspended particulate emission rate of various surface iron ore mining activities. The emission of gaseous pollutants (sulphor dioxide and oxides of nitrogen) was also evaluated but was found negligible for various mining activities, and emission rates were determined for overall mine only. The developed formulae were validated with the measured emission data at another surface iron ore mine. The accuracy of the activity-wise emission rates calculated using the developed formulae was found to vary from 92 to 97% of actual field measurement data. The developed formulae for determination of emission rate from various surface iron ore mining activities will help in predicting air quality status through air quality modelling and designing effective mitigative measures for sensitive areas during the planning stage of a proposed mine.     

煤矿危险源辨识评价与应急预案

简要论述了煤矿危险源辨识评价的分类、过程、方法,以及如何针对煤矿危险源制定 事故应急预案.通过对煤矿的危险源和重大危险源辨识评价及编制重大危险源应急预案,对 煤矿企业准确把握煤矿生产系统中的重大隐患和薄弱环节、尽可能减少事故发生或减少事故中的人员伤亡和财产损失、促进煤矿安全生产有重要的意义.     

The effect of ventilation on spontaneous heating of coal

Ventilation plays an important role in the spontaneous heating of coal in an underground coal mine. If the ventilation rate is too high, heat is carried away by convection. If the ventilation rate is too low, the reaction rate becomes oxygen-limited. The effect of ventilation on the spontaneous heating of coal was investigated in an isothermal oven in this study. Experiments were conducted on three U.S. coal samples with ventilation rates ranging from 100 to 500 cm³/min. Experiments under ventilation were conducted to determine the critical ambient temperature, which is the minimum oven temperature required for a coal sample to achieve thermal runaway. Spontaneous heating tests were then conducted at various ventilation rates at the critical ambient temperature and the results were compared with spontaneous heating tests without ventilation. It was found that there is an optimum ventilation flow to produce the maximum rate of temperature rise at the critical ambient temperature. When the coal sample particle size was increased, a higher critical ambient temperature was required. The results in this study have application in the prevention of spontaneous combustion in underground coal mines.