Health Survey Among People Living Near an Abandoned Mine. A Case Study: Jales Mine, Portugal

Campo de Jales is a village surrounding the abandoned Jales mine. The area is heavily contaminated with heavy metals and dusts from large tailings piles as result of centuries of mining operations. The aim of this study is to investigate potential health threats associated with site contamination. The population studied comprised two groups: people living in Campo de Jales (n = 229) and a control group – people living in Vilar de Macada (n = 234). Lead and cadmium exposure and symptoms survey were carried out.The results showed a significant higher levels of blood lead and cadmium between the Campo de Jales residents (lead: 9.5 microgr/dl versus 7.7 microgr/dl; cadmium: 0.84 microgr/dl versus 0,65 microgr/dl) as well as to a higher prevalence of respiratory and irritation symptoms and great concern about his own health.In conclusion: community is the scene of long-term health problems resulting from the site environmental contamination.     

金属矿山中后期矿井通风安全问题探讨

金属矿山中后期在生产中是一个特殊时期.矿井通风面临的问题比前期更多,更复杂.分析了金属矿山矿井通风安全现状及原因,提出了解决问题的措施及改进方向.     

城市污水处理厂污泥作为矿山废弃地复垦土壤基质的可行性分析

以具有代表性的、运行技术成熟的污水处理厂的污泥为对象,对污水处理厂处理后的污泥进行好氧发酵堆肥,并对堆肥过程中的主要参数进行控制,对城市污水处理厂污泥作为矿山废弃地复垦土壤基质进行了可行性分析。     

新疆准东煤田降尘重金属污染及健康风险评价

为研究准东煤田大气降尘重金属的污染状况及潜在健康风险,选取52个覆盖全区的样点采集大气降尘,并测试分析样品中Zn、Cu、Cr、Pb、Hg和As共6种重金属元素含量.结合地累积指数(I_geo)进行污染研究,使用EPA人体暴露风险评价.结果表明,研究区大气降尘重金属浓度具有明显差异,Zn > Cr > Cu > As > Pb > Hg.Hg、Cu和As的变异系数为381.91%、99.94%和97.82%,受人类活动影响较大; 6种重金属间的相关性较复杂,Zn-Cu-Cr较Hg-As-Pb的相关性更强.地累积指数评价表明,重金属Zn、Cr的污染较严重,Zn处于极强度污染,Hg可视为无污染,Cu、Pb、As处于轻度-中度污染.研究区致癌风险暴露量与非致癌风险暴露量差异不大.非致癌风险商均小于1, HQ_Cr > HQ_As > HQ_Zn > HQ_Pb > HQ_Cu > HQ_Hg,总非致癌风险指数0.258,研究区6种重金属健康风险较小.致癌风险CR_As > CR_Cr > CR_Pb,Pb无致癌风险.其中As的致癌风险值占总致癌风险(TCR)的93.85%,是最主要的致癌因子.TCR均值为1.95E-05,处于人体可耐受的致癌风险范围.     

基于空间信息的露天矿区排土场土地复垦成本计算

使用Map Objects组件和Ⅶ语言,对露天矿区排土场土地复垦的成本构成及计算进行了系统设计,系统包括排土场土地复垦成本计算和排土场空间地理信息管理两大功能。以安太堡露天煤矿为例,建立了成本计算系统,为露天矿区排土场土地复垦的成本计算提供了重要手段,提高了排土场空间信息管理工作的效率。     

采煤沉陷积水区土壤覆水初期氧化还原反应过程与磷迁移转化的耦合研究

以淮南潘谢某采煤沉陷积水区为研究对象,通过设计室内模拟实验,对其农业耕作层土壤初期覆水条件下的氧化还原过程进行了考察.在此基础上研究了磷(P)自农业土壤内部向"水-土"界面迁移转化潜能,模拟实验持续近4个月.同时,实验采取土壤理化性质分析和孔隙水表征相结合的方法进行,土壤主要分析了淹水前后有机质含量(OM)、铁氧化物、P含量及其赋存形态等相关变化,而孔隙水则分析了pH、氧化还原电位(E_h)、溶解无机碳(DIC)和有机碳(DOC)、Fe²⁺、NO₃^--N、SO₄^2--S,较为保守元素Cl^-作为其他可变指标的参考.结果发现,研究过程中观察到了微生物活动所对应的不同氧化还原过程,1~2周后土柱内部的NO₃^--N和SO₄^2--S由于呼吸作用趋于耗竭,孔隙水Fe²⁺持续升高,并伴随着活性磷(DRP)的释放.此后整个体系氧化还原反应趋于平衡,在"水-土"界面观察到了明显的Fe"泵升"现象,弱吸附态磷(NH₄Cl-P)和有机磷(OP)有向金属氧化物结合态磷(NaOH-P)迁移转化的趋势,但孔隙水内部DRP能否向表层迁移短时间内不能确定.     

井下采矿作业环境质量模糊综合评判

在全面分析井下作业环境质量影响因素的基础上,运用模糊数学中的综合评判法,建立井下作业环境质量评价模式。依据相关法规并借鉴成功经验和研究成果,将环境质量分为5个级别,并建立了相应的隶属函数。以程潮铁矿东区-290m水平作业场所为实例,对其采场作业环境的质量进行了模糊综合评判,指出了作业环境质量较差的主要原因,提出了相应的改进措施。实际应用表明,井下采矿作业环境质量模糊综合评判法具有较高的应用价值。     

我国地方煤矿职业危害现状调查报告

目的：通过对华东、东北、华北、西南4个地区4个省市的1个地方国有集团公司、16个地方国有煤矿的调查,了解我国地方国有煤矿的职业危害现状。方法：通过现场调查的方法,抽取4个省市的1个地方国有集团公司16个地方国有煤矿,对其职业危害防治管理、职业危害监测、职业危害防护及健康监护等方面进行调查。结果：被调查的地方国有煤矿47．06％有职业危害防治领导机构;采煤工作面总尘浓度平均超标10．7倍,呼尘浓度平均超标4．6倍;职业健康监护岗前体检100％,离岗体检为0,专家抽检尘肺病检出率5．12％。结论：我国地方国有煤矿职业危害防治管理水平参差不齐,作业场所粉尘浓度超标,尘肺病危害比较严重。     

Impact of unconfined sulphur-mine waste on a semi-arid environment (Almería, SE Spain)

Thirty-five soil samples were taken from unconfined mine waste, stream sediments, and surfaces unoccupied by mining and presumably unaffected by it, in a sulphur-mining zone surrounded by carbonate material and characterized by a semi-arid climate with short torrential storms. These samples were analysed and the results compared to estimate the spread of pollution in the landscape and to assess potential environmental risk. The mean concentrations of S, Zn, Cd, Pb, and As in mine waste were between 3.5-fold (As) and 50-fold (S) greater than unaffected soils. Oxidation of S led to a sharp drop in pH, strong weathering of minerals, and solubilisation of the constituent elements, forming a toxic acidic mine drainage with highly concentrated pollutants that were discharged into the drainage channels. Successive acid mine drainage into the soil on the valley floor spreads acidification and pollution downstream. The high carbonate content in surrounding soils played an important role in the increase of the pH and precipitation of S, Pb, and Al of the affected soils. Meanwhile, high mobility of Zn, Cd and As under basic conditions and a low Fe concentration explain the broad spread of these elements, as high concentrations were detected in soil more than 2000 m from the source. Only the soil solutions from near the waste dump (first 500 m) were highly phytotoxic, and moderately phytotoxic from 500 to 1500 m away. The concentration of pollutants in the leachates was clearly higher than in soil solutions, even in the soils located over 2000 m from the source, implying that the size of the polluted area will increase with time.     

浅谈如何加强兰坪矿山生态环境保护

介绍了兰坪矿山的基本情况,分析了矿山生态环境破坏类型和保护与治理存在的问题,提出了对策和措施。