天津城市污水泵站恶臭气体组分浓度及污染现状

为了解天津城市污水泵站恶臭的污染程度,选取天津市一个典型的城市污水泵站进行为期3天的采样,采集该污水泵站距离污染源强不同距离处的恶臭气体样品,用气相色谱-质谱联用仪（GS-MS）和分光光度法对采集样品的组分含量进行检测,比较了恶臭排放源点和不同距离处的恶臭组分的浓度特征和污染现状。结果表明,该泵站恶臭污染物质以硫化氢、二氯甲烷和苯系物为主,还有一些烯烃和芳香烃衍生物;恶臭物质的浓度变化范围是n.d.~0.073 7 mg/m³,大部分恶臭物质浓度一般由高至低表现为源点>下风向5 m,源点>背景值,环境空气采样点与恶臭排放源相比,其降幅明显;虽然检测到的恶臭组分较多,但是其浓度与《恶臭污染物排放标准》（GB 14554—1993）等标准中规定的排放限值相比,均未超标。     

成都PM2.5与气象条件的关系及城市空间形态的影响

2013年2月1日至3月20日、2013年7月10日至8月10日对成都市大气中细颗粒物(PM2.5)进行连续监测,同步记录气象数据。将PM2.5质量浓度与城市气象条件进行相关性分析,研究气象条件对PM2.5质量浓度的影响。2月1日至3月20日PM2.5质量浓度平均为147.38μg/m3,7月10日至8月10日平均为50.19μg/m3,大气细颗粒物污染最严重的时间出现在2月1—6日。成都市各气象条件中,PM2.5质量浓度与能见度、风速呈现显著负相关,而与其他气象要素相关性较弱,降水对PM2.5质量浓度影响也很大。改善城市通风有利于成都市大气中PM2.5的稀释和消散。通过建立3D模型并运用计算流体力学(CFD)软件模拟成都市选定的一处密集的建成区域,分析城市空间形态对通风的影响。研究发现,在假设等温的情况下,多层密集的区域对城市通风影响小,而高层对城市通风影响很大,建筑高度相近的街道与风向平行的风速大于与风向成角度的,与风向平行的街道沿线为高层的风速高于沿线为多层的,较大的开敞空间及背景风速更有利于城市通风环境。     

含氟废气对农业环境的影响

叙述了某厂氢氟酸生产过程排出的含氟废气对厂区周围水稻和蔬菜的污染及其与气象条件的关系，并提出了防止农业环境氟污染的措施。     

The humanitarian common logistic operating picture: a solution to the inter‐agency coordination challenge

Although significant progress has been made in developing the practice of humanitarian logistics, further improvements in efficiency and effectiveness have the potential to save lives and reduce suffering. This paper explores how the military/emergency services’ concept of a common operating picture (COP) can be adapted to the humanitarian logistics context, and analyses a practical and proven approach to addressing the key challenge of inter‐agency coordination and decision‐making. Successful adaptation could provide the mechanism through which predicted and actual demands, together with the location and status of material in transit, are captured, evaluated, and presented in real time as the basis for enhanced decision‐making between actors in the humanitarian supply network. Through the introduction of a humanitarian logistics COP and its linkages to national disaster management systems, local communities and countries affected by disasters and emergencies will be better placed to oversee and manage their response activities.     

中和共沉淀—铁氧体法处理含镍、铬废水的实验研究

利用中和共沉淀—铁氧体法处理甘肃某稀有金属生产企业产生的含镍、铬废水,同时对该废水的处理工艺条件进行了实验研究。经测定,废水中Ni 2+质量浓度为50mg/L,Cr(Ⅲ)质量浓度为87mg/L。通过实验得到处理工艺的最佳条件:投料摩尔比(Fe2+/(Ni 2++Cr2O2-7))为9,pH=9,温度为70℃。出水中镍、铬均可达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978—1996)中第一类污染物最高允许排放浓度的要求,为中和共沉淀—铁氧体法处理混合重金属废水的工艺条件研究提供了参考。     

用于石油污染土壤降解的高效降解菌的筛选及其降解条件优化

经过富集、分离优选出高效石油降解菌L-1,根据形态观察和生理生化特征初步鉴定为琼氏不动杆菌;采用单因素花盆实验模拟微生物原位修复并对其降解条件进行优化。结果表明,将高效石油降解菌应用于修复石油污染土壤,适宜接种量、表面活性剂浓度、CNP比、翻耕频率分别为15%、0.1%、100∶10∶1和1 d 1次;在该降解条件下修复28 d,可达到16.80%的石油降解率,远远高于土著微生物6.92%的降解率。     

毛木耳产漆酶发酵条件的研究

以毛木耳为产酶菌,以CMC为唯一碳源,探讨了不同培养条件对毛木耳产漆酶的影响。结果表明,在最适温度为27℃、pH值为6．0、接种量为10％、装液量为90mL／250mL、摇床转速为180rpm、培养天数为6d时,产酶活力最大。以各个因子的最佳梯度做优化培养,发酵液中的漆酶活力高达70．76IU／mL。     

如何确定高加速寿命试验的应力极限

气锤驱动的高加速寿命试验,主要目的是确定试验样品的应力极限(包括工作极限和破坏极限),并通过改进试验所暴露的缺陷,按预期目标拓宽产品的应力极限。本文对一些应力极限的名词术语作了解释性说明,并具体论述了如何确定应力极限及快速温变循环试验的高低温温度极值。     

Modeled Summer Background Concentration of Nutrients and Suspended Sediment in the Mid‐Continent (USA) Great Rivers1

Angradi, Ted R., David W. Bolgrien, Matt A. Starry, and Brian H. Hill, 2012. Modeled Summer Background Concentration of Nutrients and Suspended Sediment in the Mid‐Continent (USA) Great Rivers. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 48(5): 1054‐1070. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2012.00669.x Abstract: We used regression models to predict summer background concentration of total nitrogen (N), total phosphorus (P), and total suspended solids (TSS), in the mid‐continent great rivers: the Upper Mississippi, the Lower Missouri, and the Ohio. From multiple linear regressions of water quality indicators with land use and other stressor variables, we determined the concentration of the indicators when the predictor variables were all set to zero — the y‐intercept. Except for total P on the Upper Mississippi River, we could predict background concentration using regression models. Predicted background concentration of total N was about the same on the Upper Mississippi and Lower Missouri Rivers (430 μg l^?1), which was lower than percentile‐based values, but was similar to concentrations derived from the response of sestonic chlorophyll a to great river total N concentration. Background concentration of total P on the Lower Missouri (65 μg l^?1) was also lower than published and percentile‐based concentrations. Background TSS concentration was higher on the Lower Missouri (40 mg l^?1) than the other rivers. Background TSS concentration on the Upper Mississippi (16 mg l^?1) was below a threshold (30 mg l^?1) designed to protect aquatic vegetation. Our model‐predicted concentrations for the great rivers are an attempt to estimate background concentrations for water quality indicators independent from thresholds based on percentiles or derived from stressor‐response relationships.     

反渗透膜处理维生素C凝结水的最优工艺条件

针对维生素C生产工艺中产生的凝结水产量大、处理成本高、存储运输困难和营养物质含量偏低等问题,采用反渗透技术对VC凝结水进行处理。实验建立小试规模反渗透膜处理装置,采用无量纲化多元回归分析方法,分析了操作条件指标与渗透水评价指标两套指标体系之间的关系,定量评价了各个操作条件指标对渗透水评价指标的整体影响程度,并在此基础上研究了最佳操作条件的工艺参数。结果表明：建立的无量纲化多元回归分析方法切实有效,在正交实验设计水平范围内,压力、pH和回流比均是多目标系统的影响因子,操作条件指标对渗透水评价指标的整体影响程度大小顺序为：压力〉pH〉回流比〉温度,且各自影响程度所占比例分别为43．02％、29．01％、25．07％和2．89％。各个操作因子对多指标系统的影响是独立的。在只考虑系统收益而不考虑膜污染的情况下,最佳操作条件分别为：温度r=30．65,压力P=1．5MPa,回流比r=0．78,pH=7．475。