多晶硅切割液废液的回收与利用

结合工程实际,介绍了太阳能产业用多晶硅片切割过程中产生的割液废液的处理工艺及回收工艺,并分析了它的投资成本和经济效益。     

色谱及联用技术在药物污染检测中的应用

医药品是一类新型环境污染物,由于其具有长期输入、环境中降解/去除缓慢、生物效应显著等特性被界定为"准持久性"污染物,受到社会各界的广泛关注.为更好了解该类污染物在环境中的迁移转化规律和生物效应,分析检测是必不可少的环节,本文就近年来我国运用色谱及联用技术检测药物污染的方法进行综述.     

环境样品中汞形态分析技术的进展

汞的毒性、环境行为、生物有效性不仅跟其浓度有关,还决定于其化学形态,因此汞的形态分析在环境科学中具有重要意义。样品前处理几乎是汞形态分析研究中不可或缺的步骤,而色谱和光谱/质谱联用技术是目前普遍采用的分离检测方法。文章对近十年来这些方面的研究进展进行了综述,主要包括样品的前处理方法如酸/碱溶剂萃取、微波辅助萃取、固相萃取、固相微萃取、单滴微萃取、分散液液微萃取等,以及色谱(液相色谱、气相色谱)和毛细管电泳与光谱/质谱(紫外可见光谱、原子吸收光谱、原子荧光光谱、等离子体质谱等)的联用技术在汞化合物形态分析中的应用情况。最后提出今后应重点研究建立高效、简便的前处理方法,发展高分离度、高灵敏度、高速度的分离检测联用技术,以便更好地对汞的形态进行分析监测。     

Risk analysis and assessment methodologies in the work sites: On a review, classification and comparative study of the scientific literature of the period 2000-2009

The objective of this work is to determine and study, analyze and elaborate, classify and categorize the main risk analysis and risk-assessment methods and techniques by reviewing the scientific literature. The paper consists of two parts: a) the investigation, presentation and elaboration of the main risk-assessment methodologies and b) the statistical analysis, classification, and comparative study of the corresponding scientific papers published by six representative scientific journals of Elsevier B.V. covering the decade 2000-2009. The scientific literature reviewing showed that the risk analysis and assessment techniques are classified into three main categories: (a) the qualitative, (b) the quantitative, and (c) the hybrid techniques (qualitative-quantitative, semi-quantitative). The qualitative techniques are based both on analytical estimation processes, and on the safety managers-engineers ability. According to quantitative techniques, the risk can be considered as a quantity, which can be estimated and expressed by a mathematical relation, under the help of real accidents’ data recorded in a work site. The hybrid techniques, present a great complexity due to their ad hoc character that prevents a wide spreading. The statistical analysis shows that the quantitative methods present the highest relative frequency (65.63%) while the qualitative a lower one (27.68%). Furthermore the hybrid methods remain constantly at a very low level (6.70%) during the entire processing period.     

光催化与生物膜直接耦合降解4-氟苯酚废水

为了实现4-氟苯酚（4-FP）废水的快速持续降解,本文构建了光催化与生物膜直接耦合系统.该耦合系统由N掺杂TiO₂涂覆光催化光纤束、生物膜、核孔膜和紫外-可见LED光源构成.实验研究了单独光催化、单独微藻生物膜及光催化-生物膜耦合3种体系对4-FP的降解性能.研究发现：光催化系统降解4-FP速率慢、脱氟效率低,12h内降解率为94.3%,脱氟率仅为24.7%.微藻生物膜在第一个周期内对4-FP的降解性能高于单独光催化,10h内降解率达到98.9%,脱氟率达到90.9%,但3个周期后4-FP降解率降低至75.5%,脱氟率降低至69.5%.在耦合系统中,生物膜中微生物种群发生了自适应调整,富集了大量的红球菌、假单胞菌和无色杆菌,导致了光催化、生物降解及光合作用三者亲密协作,实现了4-FP快速持续地降解,运行12个周期后,5h即可将4-FP完全降解,同时溶解有机碳及脱氟率分别达到89.4%和78.3%.     

Estimation of aerosol optical depth in relation to meteorological parameters over eastern and western routes of China Pakistan economic corridor

This study finds out seasonal and monthly variations in Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) over eastern and western routes of China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) and the relationship between AOD and meteorological parameters (i.e., temperature, rainfall and wind speed). The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Multi-angle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR) data was used from the terra satellite for the period of 2000-2016. This study aims to overtake the conventional view of the purpose of using the satellite datasets. This study takes on to the concept that validated satellite data sets rather should be used for the analysis instead of just validation specifically for our study region. Hence, after comparing MODIS AOD with MISR AOD, only MISR AOD dataset is used for further analysis. The results show a decreasing trend of AOD in summer season, a positive relationship between temperature and AOD during winter and spring seasons whereas a positive relationship between wind speed and AOD in winter and spring seasons over eastern and western routes. Periodic analysis of MODIS AOD and MISR AOD depicts May-Aug as the peak period of aerosol concentration over central Pakistan. The inter-annual analysis shows the aerosol trend remained higher during summer season however rainfall shows the washout effect. Eastern route has higher standard deviation and larger values for aerosol prevalence as compared to western route. The trajectory analysis using the HYSPLIT model suggests the bias of air mass trajectory caused deviation in the aerosol trend in the year 2014.     

水质监测中的快速传感技术

传感器的发展是水质监测中的关键技术之一。以水质调查对监测技术的需求和相应传感器的发展趋势的分析为出发点,重点介绍了光纤传感器和生物传感器的原理和在水质监测中的应用,指出了快速传感技术应用的重要意义和发展前景。     

郑州地区大气气溶胶光学特性的地基遥感研究

根据自动跟踪扫描光度计观测资料,利用Bouguer-Lamber定律反演郑州地区2007年2~9月气溶胶光学厚度和波长指数,分析郑州地区该时段气溶胶光学特性的季节变化和日变化情况.结果表明,郑州地区2007年2~9月1020nm气溶胶光学厚度为0.49±0.09;870nm气溶胶光学厚度为0.60±0.13;670nm气溶胶光学厚度为0.76±0.20;440nm气溶胶光学厚度为1.08±0.34.季节变化以夏季最高,秋冬次之,春季最低.波长指数春季为0.37~0.69,夏季为1.18~1.26.春季有50%以上的天气,扬尘粒子为主控粒子,而夏季城市-工业气溶胶是主控粒子之一.日变化规律与近地面污染物浓度变化一致,8:30和17:00左右出现峰值,11:30出现谷值,由于气温上升,湍流剧烈,12:30左右气溶胶光学厚度有1个小高峰,但仍处于全天的低值区.     

TURBIDITY SUSPENI)ED SEDIMENT,AND WATER CLARITY: A REVIEW1

ABSTRACT: Suspended sediment causes a range of environmental damage, including benthic smothering, irritation of fish gills, and transport of sorbed contaminants. Much of the impact, while sediment remains suspended, is related to its light attenuation, which reduces visual range in water and light availability for photosynthesis. Thus measurement of the optical attributes of suspended matter in many instances is more relevant than measurement of its mass concentration. Nephelometric turbidity, an index of light scattering by suspended particles, has been widely used as a simple, cheap, instrumental surrogate for suspended sediment, that also relates more directly than mass concentration to optical effects of suspended matter. However, turbidity is only a relative measure of scattering (versus arbitrary standards) that has no intrinsic environmental relevance until calibrated to a ‘proper’ scientific quantity. Visual clarity (measured as Secchi or black disc visibility) is a preferred optical quantity with immediate environmental relevance to aesthetics, contact recreation, and fish habitat. Contrary to common perception, visual clarity measurement is not particularly subjective and is more precise than turbidity measurement. Black disc visibility is inter‐convertible with beam attenuation, a fundamental optical quantity that can be monitored continuously by beam transmissometry. Visual clarity or beam attenuation should supplant nephelometric turbidity in many water quality applications, including environmental standards.     

Mapping of temperature and line-of-sight errors in constituent retrievals for MIPAS/ENVISAT measurements

An optimized code for the near real-time retrieval of line of sight, temperature and volume-mixing ratio profiles of five key species (O₃, H₂O, HNO₃, CH₄ and N₂O) from infrared limb spectra recorded by the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) experiment on board the ENVISAT-1 satellite was developed as part of an ESA-supported study. In this code line of sight and temperature are retrieved simultaneously among themselves, but sequentially with respect to the volume-mixing ratio of the five key species. The sequential retrieval leaves unaccounted the mapping of line of sight and temperature errors in the retrieved volume-mixing ratio of the constituents. This paper illustrates an algorithm that provides the a-posteriori evaluation of temperature and line-of-sight-induced error on the retrieved volume-mixing ratio of the MIPAS key species. It is shown that in most cases temperature and line-of-sight-induced error provides a significant contribution to the total volume-mixing ratio error. The variability of this error as a function of latitude, season and atmospheric model is also analyzed.