湿式静电除尘器流场的数值模拟与优化设计

湿式静电除尘器流场的分布对烟气深度净化具有重要意义,采用CFD数值模拟方法对某项目600MW燃煤发电机组湿式静电除尘器的内部流场设计进行了研究分析。结果表明,流量分配和气流整流是内部流场的两个关键设计要点。有关流量分配的设计需在确保各电场流量分配均匀的同时不明显增加烟风系统阻力,而气流整流的设计方案可同时运用气流均布板和整流格栅,此设计方案不仅可降低整套整流方案的压损,还有利于整流方案的标准化设计和现场优化调整,提高装置可靠性。     

简青霉降解秸秆条件最优化和诱导剂的作用

实验中采用简青霉对稻草秸秆进行降解作用,通过正交实验的极差、三因素三水平作用趋势图和降解选择性分析,对影响简青霉降解稻草秸秆的3种因素进行了优化,得到培养温度40℃、含水率80%、培养pH为8是降解的最佳固态发酵培养条件。并研究了碱木质素对简青霉分泌木质素降解酶的诱导作用,不同浓度的碱木质素对简青霉产酶的诱导作用不同,且对不同酶的诱导效果也不同,最后得到较低浓度0.5和1 g/L是诱导的适宜浓度。对比较适浓度的碱木质素和常用的诱导剂愈创木酚、吐温80的诱导作用,发现在同样的培养条件下,碱木质素的诱导效果比愈创木酚和吐温80效果都好。     

电改电袋复合除尘器在220MW机组上的应用

分析了某电厂220MW机组燃煤锅炉电改电袋复合除尘器的设计优化、运行调试和关键参数,重点对比了改造后电袋复合除尘器和常规袋式除尘器的清灰周期、运行阻力等参数变化,为燃煤锅炉电改电袋复合除尘器设计和运行维护的提供参考。     

Cloud point extraction coupled with HPLC-UV for the determination of phthalate esters in environmental water samples

A method based on cloud point extraction was developed to determine phthalate esters including di-ethyl-phthalate （DEP）, di- （2-ethylhexyl）-phthalate （DEHP） and di-cyclohexyl-phthalate （DCP） in environmental water samples using high-performance liquid chromatography separation and ultraviolet detection （HPLC-UV）. The non-ionic surfactant Triton X-114 was chosen as extraction solvent. The parameters affecting extraction efficiency, such as concentrations of Triton X-114 and Na2SO4, equilibration temperature, equilibration time and centrifugation time were evaluated and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the method can achieve preconcentration factors of 35, 88, 111 and detection of limits of 2.0, 3.8, 1.0 ng/ml for DEP, DEHP and DCP in 10-ml water sample, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of trace amount of phathalate esters in effluent water of the wastewater treatment plant and the lixivium of plastic fragments.     

Anoxic biodegradation of dimethyl phthalate （DMP） by activated sludge cultures under nitrate-reducing conditions

Worldwide extensive use of plasticized plastics has resulted in phthalates pollution in different environment. Nitrates from industry and agriculture are also widely disseminated in the soils, natural waters and wastewaters. Dimethyl phthalate (DMP) biodegradation by activated sludge cultures under nitrate-reducing conditions was investigated. Under one optimized condition, DMP was biodegraded from 102.20 mg/L to undetectable level in 56 h under anoxic conditions and its reaction fitted well with the first-order kinetics. Using the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis, mono-methyl phthalate (MMP) and phthalic acid (PA) were detected as the major intermediates of DMP biodegradation. When combined with the determination of chemical oxygen demand (CODCr) removal capacity and pH, DMP was found to be mineralized completely under anoxic conditions. The biodegradation pathway was proposed as DMP → MMP → PA → … → CO2 H2O.The molar ratio of DMP to nitrate consumed was found to be 9.0:1, which agrees well with the theoretical stoichiometric values of DMP biodegradation by nitrate-reducing bacteria. The results of the non-linear simulation showed that the optimum pH and temperature for the degradation were 7.56 and 31.4℃, respectively.     

北京市2009-2011年垃圾渗滤液处理电能消耗特征与节能减排潜力研究

对北京市2009-2011年垃圾渗滤液处理中电能消耗进行研究,通过对现行几种渗滤液处理技术的对比和现场调查,采用逐层分析法,将电能消耗从处理设施上分为三大层次:单元-工艺-场站.结果表明,2009-2011年北京市各垃圾处理场处理渗滤液的耗电量基本不变.对于同一场站来说,生化处理单元的电能消耗一般高于其他3个单元,反渗透单元的电能消耗高于纳滤单元.填埋场和粪便消纳站中垃圾总量与渗滤液产量有很好的线性关系,且单位垃圾产生的渗滤液量为:消纳站＞填埋场;填埋场和粪便消纳站中渗滤液产量与电能消耗也有很好的线性关系,且单位渗滤液耗电量为:填埋场＞消纳站.北京市垃圾渗滤液处理全过程中节水潜力约为165.94万t·a-1(近3年北京市垃圾处理年度中水回用量均值为31.22万1·a-1),粪便消纳站存在最大节水潜力,填埋场次之,分别占总节水潜力的89.58％、6.69％.粪便消纳站单位垃圾的节水量最高,平均值为0.02575 t·t-1.     

Modeling a sustainable Saudi Arabian economy: the real issues

This paper develops a macroeconomic framework for creating a competitive and sustainable Saudi Arabian economy, taking into account the interrelationships among social, environmental, and economic factors. The objective of the research is to build a model that will allow for evaluating the effects of a wide range of emissions abatement policies on economic growth and development. The research methodology is grounded in econometric modeling of the Saudi economy over the period 1980–2010. The estimated parameters of the model were used to project long-term gross domestic product (GDP) growth paths based on three environmental degradation abatement scenarios. The results suggest that the sustainability of economic growth in Saudi Arabia critically depends on aggressive emissions-reduction policies since policy scenarios corresponding to higher pollution cuts yielded higher, sustained long-term GDP. The results also broadly reject the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis, implying that a turning point in the relationship between CO₂ emissions and per capita GDP is yet to be attained.     

改进遗传算法在污水处理工艺优选决策指标权值确定中的应用

构建了基于模糊聚类的改进遗传算法（简称FMGA）,用于污水处理工艺优选决策指标权值的确定。FMGA的数值仿真结果表明,该算法能有效避免早熟收敛,能在较短时间内获取指标权值并且运算过程稳定。最后,将FMGA用于确定三峡库区城镇污水处理工艺优选决策指标的权值。结果表明,经济（0．2602）〉技术（0．2094）〉能耗（0．...     

OPTIMUM CROPPING AND GROUND WATER MANAGEMENT1

ABSTRACT: A decision model for optimum cropping pattern and ground water manaement alternatives in canal irrigated areas is pre sented. Various ground water management alternatives in conjunction with optimum cropping pattern and based on water production functions are compared. The model developed also ensures optimum utilization of surface and poor quality ground water and proper soil conditions for plant growth.     

开发西北沙区拓展生存空间

我国是世界上受荒漠化危害最严重的国家之一，荒漠化面积大、分布广、程度重、扩展快，危害深。而面对我国土地总量少、质量差、后备资源短缺、人地矛盾突出的形势，开发沙区巳成为扩展我国生存空间的必然选择，这对于缩小东西部差距，消除贫困、促进荒漠化地区以及整个中国经济的腾飞具有重要意义。