班组长领导方式对矿工安全行为的影响 效用研究—基于调整焦点理论*

围绕班组长领导方式和矿工安全行为的内涵,通过文献分析与因子分析,剖析出班组长领导主要包含领导魅力、鼓励性激励、智力激发、个性化关怀、权变性奖励、积极例外管理和消极例外管理七种方式,矿工安全行为主要包含安全遵守与参与一种方式。以班组长七种领导方式为外在潜变量,矿工安全行为一种方式为内在潜变量,基于调整焦点理论下构建班组长领导方式对矿工安全行为的影响效用模型。运用SPASS17.0和AMOS7.0软件,探析班组长各领导方式对矿工安全行为的作用路径及其影响,从而为煤矿安全管理提出新思路。     

Global cooperation among diverse organizations to reduce illegal fishing in the Southern Ocean

Illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing is prevalent globally and has detrimental effects on commercial fish stocks and nontarget species. Effective monitoring and enforcement aimed at reducing the level of IUU fishing in extensive, remote ocean fisheries requires international collaboration. Changes in trade and vessel activities further complicate enforcement. We used a web-based survey of governmental and nongovernmental organizations engaged in reducing IUU fishing in the Southern Ocean to collect information on interorganizational collaborations. We used social-network analyses to examine the nature of collaborations among the identified 117 organizations engaged in reducing IUU fishing. International collaboration improved the ability to control and manage harvest of commercially important toothfish (Dissostichus spp.) stocks and reduced bycatch of albatrosses (Diomedeidae) and petrels (Procellariidae) in longlines of IUU fishing vessels. The diverse group of surveyed organizations cooperated frequently, thereby making a wide range of resources available for improved detection of suspected IUU vessels and trade flows, cooperation aimed at prosecuting suspected offenders or developing new policy measures. Our results suggest the importance of a central agency for coordination and for maintaining commonly agreed-upon protocols for communication that facilities collaboration. Despite their differences, the surveyed organizations have developed common perceptions about key problems associated with IUU fishing. This has likely contributed to a sustained willingness to invest in collaborations. Our results show that successful international environmental governance can be accomplished through interorganizational collaborations. Such cooperation requires trust, continuous funding, and incentives for actors to participate.     

基于互相关算法的人员密集场所人群运动速度特征研究

研究人群密集场所的人群运动速度特征可以预测人群的运动趋势,在大型活动组织过程中可以对异常人群运动做出预警,避免过度的拥挤及踩踏事件的发生,保证大型群体性活动的安全顺利开展。利用国内某重要城市核心区公共场所人群运动的视频图像,通过互相关算法提取该场所人群的运动速度,并进一步比较通往景区的四条不同路径上人群运动速度的差异性,分析其人群运动特征。分析结果表明单向通道的人群运动速度较大且运动方向基本与通道的两侧边界平行,而双向通道中由于人群中阻尼效应的影响,人群运动速度的大小和方向都发生了不同程度的改变。分析结果可为核心区管理者进行大型群体性活动的组织、人群疏散与引导提供建议,进而为人群拥挤踩踏事故风险防控、拥挤踩踏事故专项应急预案制定及人群聚集活动安全方案编制提供理论支持。     

Ecological literacy and psychographics: lifestyle contributors to ecological knowledge and understanding

Knowledge and understanding about how the ecological systems of the Earth support life form the foundation for ecological literacy, which, in turn, is of critical importance for sustainability. There is widespread concern that levels of ecological literacy within many contemporary human societies are too low to enable effective decision-making about how to live sustainably. This paper presents and discusses the findings of an ecological literacy assessment of South Australian adults. The assessment tested for knowledge and understanding of ecological systems and interconnections with human society. Analyses revealed significant relationships between assessment scores and a range of value-based and behavioural characteristics. Such characteristics included the value placed on nature, time spent outdoors and in nature, involvement in nature-based activities, and perceived sources of ecological knowledge and understanding. Higher average scores were correlated with higher values accorded to involvement in outdoor activities, importance of the outdoors to enjoyment of life, importance of nature in the household, volunteer environmental activity and growing food. Higher scores were also correlated with higher education, research activities, outdoor lifestyles, place-based experiences, volunteer activities, mentors and colleagues, and books and magazines. Lower scores were achieved by those who considered media, natural disasters and environmental marketing to be major contributors to their ecological knowledge. These findings contribute to a broader study of the relationships between ecological literacy and a range of both socio-demographic and psychographic characteristics. They invite serious consideration from any society that values the participation of an informed population with the capacity to make sustainable environmental decisions.     

组织安全文化评价的基础性问题及方法论

为促进组织安全文化评价研究与实践,针对目前组织安全文化评价研究所存在的根本缺陷,运用文献分析法,对组织安全文化评价的基础性问题及方法论开展系统研究。基于评价的定义,提出组织安全文化评价的定义,并分析其内涵。基于此,提炼与剖析组织安全文化评价的8个基本问题,即评价原则、评价基准、评价对象、评价目的、评价层面、评价范围、评价依据与限制因素,并建构和解析组织安全文化评价的一般程式。结果表明:组织安全文化评价需以明晰上述8个组织安全文化评价的基本问题为前提和基础,需以文献学方法、系统论方法、社会学与心理学方法、数学与统计学方法及具体评价方法5大类方法为指导。     

煤燃烧脱硫过程中影响无机矿物转化行为的因素

以合山煤(HS)和万盛煤(WS)为研究对象,分别讨论了当石灰石作固硫剂时钙硫比、温度等因素对固硫效率的影响;运用XRD测试手段,研究了不同脱硫条件对其灰渣产物矿相组成的影响规律,并利用CaO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂三元相图进行分析,从而初步揭示出煤燃烧脱硫过程中无机矿物质间的转化行为.实验表明:燃烧温度和钙硫比对固硫率及灰渣产物的矿相组成都具有很重要的影响.升高温度或提高Ca/S,能明显促进CaO与煤粉中无机成分间的固相反应,利于C₄AF、C₂AS、β-C₂S等矿物的形成,但大于1050℃后易使硬石膏发生分解,而引起固硫率下降.固硫产物中含硫矿物的形式与含量决定了不同温度下固硫效率.本实验中,石灰石对合山煤的最佳固硫条件为Ca/S＝2～3,t=850～900℃,此时固硫率高达90%左右.     

From Policy Document to Implementation: Organizational Routines as Possible Barriers to Mainstreaming Climate Adaptation

This paper aims to understand the role of organizational routines as possible barriers to the mainstreaming of climate adaptation at the implementation stage. While the mainstreaming of climate adaptation into policy documents is relatively easy, the implementation of these policies seems to be more problematic. Barriers to climate adaptation often occur during this stage as the implementation of the policies is generally undertaken by other actors than the policy-makers. These actors act based on organizational routines. As organizational routines aim to provide stability, they tend to be reaffirmative. Reorganizing the resources and practices of these actors to initiate mainstreaming then proves difficult. Consequently, the routines could prevent change that might be necessary to address new policy objectives such as climate adaptation. An analytical framework consisting of four self-reinforcing mechanisms is used to understand and explain why and how organizational routines can hamper the mainstreaming of climate adaptation during implementation. A case study is used to illustrate organizational routines as possible barriers. The paper concludes by stating that to optimize the possibilities of mainstreaming climate adaptation, a change in routines is necessary. In order to stimulate change in organizational routines, the focus should be on reflecting on existing routines, legitimacy building and learning.     

内循环生物流化床反应器流体力学特性的数值模拟

首先采用气、液两相模型对7组结构参数的反应器进行模拟计算,然后根据计算结果选择了一组较优的结构参数进行气、液、固3相的数值模拟计算.结果表明,通过数值模拟方法对内循环生物流化床反应器流体力学特性进行计算可获得优化的反应器结构参数;明确了循环挡板的长度及位置对反应器内液相流场分布的影响较为显著的事实;同时指出固相颗粒的加入对反应器内液相流速的分布几乎没有影响,固相含率较高的区域在反应器升流区.     

影响铁路职工不安全行为的因素研究

职工不安全行为是导致铁路事故的重要因素之一,为了预防和控制铁路职工的不安全行为,减少人为事故的发生,从个体、环境、设备和管理4个维度对影响职工不安全行为的因素进行分析并建立铁路职工不安全行为的影响因素指标体系,应用网络层次分析法对各因素的影响程度进行量化分析.结果表明:作业制度、激励机制、安全意识、安全教育、安全文化、...     

Environmental biogeochemical behaviors of rare earth elements in soil–plant systems

With the continual increase in the utilization of rare earth elements (REEs) for industrial and agricultural purposes in China, the research into the environmental biogeochemical behavior of REEs has become a pressing issue. The REEs’ content in soil and various parts of wheat under different conditions in soil–plant systems were measured by INAA and ICP-MS. The results showed four aspects. (1) The mean value of total REEs in soil of China was 176.8 mg kg⁻¹. The mean ratio of ΣLREE/ΣHREE in soils was 8.0 and cerium accounts for 42% of the total REEs. The content of REEs in wheat seed ranged between 10⁻¹¹ and 10⁻⁸ g g⁻¹, 3–4 orders of magnitude lower than that in soil. (2) The REEs contents in ryegrass, especially in roots, were significantly related to that of soil. The bioavailability of REEs in soil mainly depended on the exchangeable fraction of REEs, which was strongly affected by the physico–chemical properties of the soil. (3) Long-term foliage-dressing with Changle microfertilizer of REEs did not affect the contents and distribution patterns of REEs in soil. At the maturing stage of spring wheat, the REEs content was in the order of root > leaf >stem and crust. Compared with the control, foliage-dressing has a higher accumulation of REEs in root and leaf. However, no significant difference was found in stem and crust between the two treatments. (4) There was no significant accumulation with the soil-dressing method. When comparing controls in both foliage- and soil-dressing methods, no distinct residue of REEs in grains was found.