电催化氧化法处理阳离子染料废水的试验研究

以结晶紫作为阳离子染料,采用电催化氧化法对阳离子染料溶液进行了电解脱色处理试验,研究了电流密度、电解质种类、电解质浓度、pH值等对该溶液脱色率的影响,测定了电解时溶液中生成的余氯浓度和溶液的紫外-可见吸收光谱曲线,并对不同电解时间的溶液的吸光度进行了归一化计算。结果表明:随着电解时间的延长,水溶液中活性氯浓度不断上升,经一定时间后达到最大值;在电催化和活性氯的协同作用下,阳离子染料结晶紫分子中的大π共轭体系被破坏、苯环结构基本瓦解,溶液快速脱色;在电流密度为5.1mA/cm2、NaCl浓度为4g/L、pH值为9.41的条件下,初始浓度为100mg/L的结晶紫溶液经过20min的电解,其脱色率可高达98.31%。     

海水淡化水在既有管网输配的铁释放控制研究

由于具有强腐蚀性,海水淡化水在既有市政管网输配过程中往往会产生严重的"红水"现象,主要是由于管网中铁的释放.为了研究控制既有管网中铁释放的有效措施,对管龄为30～40 a的钢管和灰口铸铁管内壁的腐蚀瘤进行分析,主要组成物质为Fe3O4和FeOOH;选择腐蚀较严重的钢管进行静态浸泡试验,重点分析了自来水和淡化水的掺混比、pH值、碱度、氯离子和硫酸根离子对铁释放的影响,并以铁浓度为控制量,初步给出了海水淡化水在既有管网中安全输配所需满足的水质条件:自来水和淡化水的掺混比≥2∶1,pH值在7.6以上,碱度>200 mg.L-1.     

Improvement of soil aggregate stability by repeated applications of organic amendments to a cultivated silty loam soil

The objective of this study was to compare the effects of repeated field applications of three urban compost amendments and one farmyard manure amendment over a 9-year period on aggregate stability in a silty loam soil initially characterized by low clay and initial organic matter contents and poor aggregate stability. Three different aggregate stability tests with increasing disruptive intensities (fast wetting > mechanical breakdown > slow wetting tests) and different disaggregation mechanisms, were used. All of the amendments, which were applied at approximately 4 Mg C ha⁻¹ every other year, increased the organic carbon content and improved the stability of the aggregates against the disruptive action of water, as determined by each of the stability tests. However, the year-to-year variations in the aggregate stability that related to factors other than the organic inputs were greater than the cumulative increase in aggregate stability relative to the control. The positive effects of the tested amendments on aggregate stability were linked to their contribution to soil organic C contents (r = 0.54 for the fast wetting test and r = 0.41-0.42 for the mechanical breakdown and slow wetting tests; p < 0.05). The addition of urban composts had a larger positive effect on aggregate stability than farmyard manure at the majority of sampling dates. The addition of biodegradable immature compost, such as municipal solid waste (MSW), improved the aggregate stability through an enhanced resistance to slaking. The addition of mature composts, such as the co-compost of sewage sludge and green wastes (GWS) or biowaste compost (BW), improved the aggregate stability by increasing interparticular cohesion. The MSW compost was the most efficient in improving aggregate stability during the first 6 years of the experiment (average improvements of +22%, +5% and +28% in the fast wetting, mechanical breakdown and slow wetting tests, respectively, compared to the control treatment); this result was likely due to the larger labile organic pool of the MSW compost that was highly effective at stimulating soil microbial activity. After the first 6 years, the two other composts, GWS and BW, became more efficient (average improvements of +25%, +61% and +33% in the fast wetting, mechanical breakdown and slow wetting tests, respectively, compared to the control treatment), which was probably linked to the greater increase in soil organic C contents. Therefore, the application of urban compost to silty soil that is susceptible to water erosion was effective at improving aggregate stability and thus could be used to enhance the resistance of soil to water erosion.     

H2O2胁同三维电极法处理罗丹明B废水的研究

为了了解过氧化氢与三维电极的协同作用,以罗丹明B模拟废水进行了实验研究,探索了填料配比、外加电压、过氧化氢投加量、初始废水pH值、染料初始浓度等单因子对降解罗丹明B的影响,并通过正交试验研究各因素对该法处理罗丹明B模拟废水的效应.结果表明,过氧化氢与三维电极在处理罗丹明B模拟废水时具有明显的协同作用;外加电压=20v,...     

化学沉淀法处理线路板厂络合铜废水实验研究

为解决某线路板厂络合铜废水达标排放的问题,模拟该厂络合铜废水处理的工艺条件,采用硫酸亚铁和硫化钠相结合的化学沉淀法进行小试,通过正交实验确定最佳药剂投加量.结果表明,影响络合铜废水处理效果的各因素的重要性顺序依次为pH、PAM、FeSO4·7H2O、LIME、Na2S;处理500mL络合铜废水的最佳的操作条件是废水初始...     

粉煤灰基质复合滤料吸附Mn^2＋试验研究

以粉煤灰基质复合滤料为吸附材料,通过单因素和正交实验相结合的实验方法,考察了吸附滤料投加量、吸附时间、原水初始浓度、振荡频率、温度等因素对除锰效果的影响。从单因素实验可知：随着滤料质量的增大,Mn2＋去除率在开始时增长幅度较大,后来逐渐趋于平缓。在正交实验中固定滤料投加量为300 g/L,发现在锰离子的吸附过程中,吸附时间的影响最大,随后分别是原水浓度和温度,振荡频率的影响程度最小。     

氟化铵制备氟化钙最优条件研究

试验采用氟化铵与石灰石粉、石灰乳反应制取氟化钙,研究了反应温度、物料浓度、物料过量系数等各主要参数变化对氟化钙结晶、过滤速度、氟收率及其含量的影响,摸索出最优反应条件。     

苯酚微生物降解的正交实验研究

利用以苯酚为碳源的驯化液,对某焦化厂曝气池活性污泥进行驯化,经过分离、筛选,挑选出4株高效的苯酚降解菌,编号为h32a2、b31B、h31A和b41a,并通过菌落形态特征、简单染色及生理生化反应初步鉴定为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp.),依据正交实验确定了优势菌群降解苯酚的最佳条件为温度32℃,pH值7.5,菌培养时间16 h,接种量1%。     

柠檬酸对砷污染土壤的萃取优化条件实验研究

论文以新邱矿矸石山排土场土壤为研究对象,以去离子水做空白试验,选取尿素、十二烷基磺酸钠、碳酸氢钠、醋酸、柠檬酸等12种化学试剂做了萃取剂初选试验;并以柠檬酸为萃取剂进行了三因素三水平L9(33)正交实验。实验结果表明:柠檬酸和氢氧化钠可作为砷污染土壤的萃取剂,具有良好的萃取效果。柠檬酸作为砷污染土壤萃取剂的最优化条件是液土比为10mL/g,萃取时间为12h,萃取剂浓度为0.1mol/L。实验结果可为砷污染土壤的治理提供参考。     

基于《环境影响评价》的研究性系列实验设计与教学实践研究

为提高高校本科生实验及实践类课程教学水平,基于笔者十余年实践类课程教学实践,介绍了以课程形式新建的具有研究性特质的系列本科生教学实验,实验素材主要源于“理论课程中的经典研究方法、学科前沿的科学研究实验和成熟的社会应用技术方法和规范”,最后基于具体实践教学案例,详细阐述了上述系列研究性实验的教学细节和流程.希望本研究的探索工作能够为中国高校实验教学的深入改革,以及建立基于学科的国家级基础实验教学示范中心提供基础和借鉴.