论我国典型公共场所突发事件现场应急处置中消防部队的主导作用

消防部队作为应对典型公共场所突发事件的主导救援力量具有独特的优势,并从法律优势、体制优势、装备优势、经验优势、信息化建设优势、地域分布优势和群众信任优势等7个方面获得充分论证。从政府加强法制建设,扩充现有消防人员的编制,进一步加大消防经费投入、加强消防基础设施和装备建设以及加强技术培训、提升消防部队整体实战能力等4个方面提出了保障消防部队主导地位的措施。笔者认为:只要保障有力,在我国典型公共场所突发事件现场应急处置的过程中,组建一支以消防部队为主导的能够承担多种灾害紧急救援任务的专业化综合救援队伍是可行的,消防部队作为主导救援力量具有其他任何应急救援组织无可比拟的基础和条件。     

突发公共卫生事件下公交暴露风险辨识方法:以深圳应对新型冠状病毒肺炎为例

为定量评估突发公共卫生事件下的公交暴露风险,基于公交线网、交通分析区及新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情信息等多源数据,考虑公交站点、交通分析区及疫情场所3种研究尺度,集成公交网络结构拓扑模型、公交网络中心性模型及核密度分析等空间分析方法,提出公交暴露风险的多尺度辨识方法,并以深圳市为例进行验证。结果表明:公交站点暴露风险在空间上呈现多中心—圈层结构,较高及高暴露风险站点多为交通枢纽、商场等,占比达26.40%;较高及高暴露风险交通分析区主要分布在工业、商业聚集区及居民点密集区,占比达32.84%;较高及高暴露风险疫情场所主要集中在城市核心区域,占比为28.92%。     

石油企业中东突发公共事件应急管理三阶段模式设计

深入海外石油市场进行境外石油的勘探、开发、加工与利用成为解决能源供需矛盾的主要手段。中东市场与国内环境差异较大,诸多因素容易引发公共事件。以三阶段模式:事件预防、事中控制及事后恢复对中东环境分析,从四方面对突发事件进行控制,为事后恢复、降低突发共公事件的衍生性、波动性奠定基础,并结合中国石化胜利油田EPC实例,分析得出突发公共事件应急管理的性质和三阶段模式对我国石油企业在中东生存和发展的意义。     

The role of the organisational psychologist in disasters and emergency situations

Interventions in extreme situations, such as natural or technological disasters, terrorist attacks or emergencies in general, take place in settings of great uncertainty and are always accompanied by extraordinary circumstances. For this reason, there are various processes related to implementing intervention protocols that must be carefully examined, including an evaluation of work scenarios, personnel selection, within-group relationships in work teams, decision-making processes, or certain peculiarities of burnout among emergency personnel. In the view of this author, an ad hoc review of the role of the organisational psychologist can highlight interesting analysis and performance possibilities that could make work in emergency and disasters contexts more effective. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the role of the organisational psychologist pre-and post-disaster. Furthermore, it supports the idea that professional profiles must be designed that take into account specific knowledge and skills, as well as certain aptitudes and values.     

中国石化海外油气钻井项目HSSE管理探讨

对海外油气钻井工程项目及其特点进行了分析,提出了加强海外油气钻井工程项目HSSE管理的对策及建议。     

海外矿业项目生态文明建设中的环境管理实践

海外矿产资源开发不可避免地会对当地的生态环境造成一定影响,如何实现海外矿产资源开发与绿色发展的融合,确保国家“一带一路”总体战略构想的实现,是每一个“走出去”的中国企业必须思考的问题。本章阐述了新时代生态文明思想对海外矿产环境管理的重要意义,结合万宝矿产的绿色实践,提出海外项目环境管理若干思考。     

The United Nations' humanitarian pillar: refocusing the UN's disaster and emergency roles and responsibilities

Changes in the nature of humanitarian crises and in the ways that the international community responds to such crises demand a radically overhauled role for the United Nations system. At a time when the UN and its member states are pursuing reform of some of that institution's most fundamental peace and security functions, this paper suggests that reform, too, is required to meet humanitarian crises of the future. This paper proposes a new type of operational role for the UN, while at the same time arguing that the UN has to place itself in the vanguard of humanitarian assistance as "the standard-bearer". The article draws many of its conclusions and recommendations from a recently completed study, requested by the Inter-Agency Standing Committee, concerning the effect for the UN system of changes in humanitarian financing.     

Food Security in Protracted Crises: Building More Effective Policy Frameworks

This paper considers the principal elements that underpin policy frameworks for supporting food security in protracted crisis contexts. It argues that maintaining the food entitlements of crisis-affected populations must extend beyond interventions to ensure immediate human survival. A 'policy gap' exists in that capacities for formulating policy responses to tackle the different dimensions of food insecurity in complex, fluid crisis situations tend to be weak. As a result, standardised, short-term intervention designs are created that fall short of meeting the priority needs of affected populations in the short and long term and only partially exploit the range of policy options available. The paper discusses key attributes of agency frameworks that could support more effective policy processes to address longer term as well as immediate food security needs. Additionally, it points to some main challenges likely to be encountered in developing such frameworks and, with the participation of beneficiaries, translating them into effective action.     

试论宗教禁忌与海外石油石化项目HSSE管理

分析了中国石油石化海外项目所在地区宗教禁忌,总结海外项目HSSE管理的经验,对可能遇到的宗教禁忌冲突提出对策。     

突发事件应急会商与预案交互生成系统设计与实现

随着近些年不断发生的各类突发事件以及相关应急主管单位的重视,以应急准备与应急预案为核心的应急管理体系快速发展,但如何能够将应急管理理论与方法应用于应急实践,尤其是各类突发事件的应急处置中,是亟待解决的难点之一。从实际突发事件应急响应与处置的业务需求与流程分析入手,提出1套具有“应急会商”与“预案交互生成”功能的信息化系统设计方案与实现思路,从业务分析、功能框架、系统架构与数据结构、系统实现等4个方面进行针对性讨论,研究结果表明:提出的系统平台不但从业务层面上具有良好的功能符合性与可操作性,而且从技术层面上具有合理的系统架构与适当的系统扩展性,可为相关的应急管理系统平台的工程建设与系统集成提供参考。