城市突发公共安全事件人员相对脆弱性研究

设计了基于人员相对脆弱性判断和经验正交函数分解的城市突发事件人员相对脆弱性研究方法,以河南省焦作市为例,将城市划分为8个风险区,选择20项脆弱性影响因子,首先对每个脆弱性因子在8个风险区的人员脆弱性构造判断矩阵,然后以判断矩阵为基础进一步构造人员相对脆弱性矩阵,最后用经验正交函数方法研究突发事件人员相对脆弱性,分析突发事件人员脆弱性影响因子的区域差异,探讨了脆弱性因子和风险区之间的组合特征及变化规律,为城市人员脆弱性的研究提供一种新的思路,并为突发事件人员脆弱性的治理提供科学依据。     

基于AHP的大庆海外石油钻探项目风险评价指标体系研究

我国石油企业在承揽海外石油钻探项目的过程中,为确保工程能顺利进行,需要进行风险预警管理。基于150份完整有效的调查问卷数据,以大庆海外石油钻探项目风险管理为研究对象,采用文献查阅法、问卷调查法、德尔菲法专家法、AHP层次分析法等研究方法,对大庆海外石油钻探项目的风险预警管理进行了研究,构建了海外石油钻探项目的风险评价指标体系。研究表明:政治经济风险对海外石油钻探项目影响最大,社会文化风险影响最小;政治经济风险中,经济风险的影响远大于政治风险的影响;财务风险中,与获利相关的直接风险大于间接风险;地质条件工程与技术风险中,地质条件风险大于技术风险;社会文化风险中,与东道国语言差异造成的风险影响最大。最后,提出了相应地对策建议。     

基于Multi-agent的非常规突发事件下个体应激演化模型

为深入研究非常规突发事件下个体应激反应,为突发事件应急管理提供理论依据,基于复杂系统理论（CAS）和多主体建模方法（ABMS）,构建了应激演化模型;利用NetLogo仿真平台,并根据个体所处的社会环境,动态模拟了非常规突发事件、群体、个体行为间的相互制约关系。研究表明:公众应激反应演化系统是一种复杂的自适应系统;非常规突发事件应激反应在三个不同阶段呈现出不同的特征。因此,在非常规突发事件的应急管理中,要根据个体在每个阶段不同的特征采取与之相适应的措施。     

基于聚类分析的城乡结合部群体性突发事件归类研究

城乡结合部群体性突发事件是影响经济发展、社会稳定的重要根源。为实现对城乡结合部群体性突发事件的归类研究,基于聚类分析理论,探究了我国城乡结合部管理现状以及各类群体性突发事件的原因和具体表现形式,构建了分布聚类模型,利用MATLAB软件生成聚类分析的谱系图,动态模拟了群体性突发事件、原因、表现形式之间的相互关系。研究表明:城乡结合部群体性突发事件基于各类原因呈现不同的表现形式,根据造成群体性突发事件各原因之间的相似度,将城乡结合部群体性突发事件归类为以征地拆迁为主线的经济利益冲突、以执法不当为导向的政治矛盾、以打架斗殴为主要形式的个体冲突、以信访维权等为基础的社会纠纷、以群体竞争为代表的组织斗争。在对城乡结合部群体性突发事件的管理中,根据事件所属的类别,可以制定明确的预警计划,从根本上降低城乡结合部群体性突发事件的发生率,为政府等相关部门的预警管理工作提供借鉴和参考。     

四川省2010~2019年突发环境事件时空分布特征分析

近年来,四川省高度重视环境应急管理工作,环境应急处置能力不断提升,但环境风险形势依然严峻,突发环境事件时有发生。通过对2010~2019年四川省10年突发环境事件进行统计分析,浅析四川省突发环境事件的规律特点,以期为四川省生态环境风险防控提供科学依据。研究表明,四川省突发环境事件呈现多发高发态势,6~8月为突发环境事件高发期;安全生产事故和交通事故次生的突发环境事件是主要事件类型;成都市和广元市是突发环境事件的高发区域;油类污染物和酸碱类污染物是主要污染物类型;跨界流域突发环境事件发生频率较高。应从流域突发环境事件风险评估、企业环境安全主体责任、环境应急物质储备体系和突发环境事件联防联控等方面加强四川省环境应急管理。     

The application of geographic information systems and global positioning systems in humanitarian emergencies: lessons learned,programme implications and future research

Geographic information systems (GIS), global positioning systems and remote sensing have been increasingly used in public health settings since the 1990s, but application of these methods in humanitarian emergencies has been less documented. Recent areas of application of GIS methods in humanitarian emergencies include hazard, vulnerability, and risk assessments; rapid assessment and survey methods; disease distribution and outbreak investigations; planning and implementation of health information systems; data and programme integration; and programme monitoring and evaluation. The main use of GIS in these areas is to provide maps for decision-making and advocacy, which allow overlaying types of information that may not normally be linked. GIS is also used to improve data collection in the field (for example, for rapid health assessments or mortality surveys). Development of GIS methods requires further research. Although GIS methods may save resources and reduce error, initial investment in equipment and capacity building may be substantial. Especially in humanitarian emergencies, equipment and methodologies must be practical and appropriate for field use. Add-on software to process GIS data needs to be developed and modified. As equipment becomes more user-friendly and costs decrease, GIS will become more of a routine tool for humanitarian aid organisations in humanitarian emergencies, and new and innovative uses will evolve.     

'Scaling-up' in emergencies: British NGOs after Hurricane Mitch

This article examines research on NGO 'scaling-up' in a disaster context and links it to a broader discussion on whether scaling-up is a useful concept for understanding NGO processes in an emergency. Using concepts of scaling-up from development literature, research findings from a study of the responses of British NGOs to Hurricane Mitch in Central America are presented. The article assesses the extent and type of scaling-up that occurred, constraints faced by the agencies and the impact of scaling-up on support to partners. Broader issues relating to scaling-up post-Mitch are also explored. The conclusion suggests that while the concept of scaling-up is useful, the tendency for its use to refer to organisational growth has limited a wider understanding and evaluation of the role of Northern NGOs in humanitarian crises.     

The rationality of resistance: alternatives for engagement in complex emergencies

The different conceptualisations of conflict in the complex emergency literature have profound implications on the perception of the agency of different groups and the prospects for conflict management. While much recent analysis has focused on the rational political and economic functions of violence, relatively little analysis has focused on why the majority of people chose not to resort to violence. Using Foucault's analysis of power relations, a new framework for conflict analysis is proposed which includes non-violent resistance as well as violence as a means of domination. Non-violent resistance is explored as a rational, highly adaptable response to acts of domination. A comprehensive understanding of conflict must recognise local forms of resistance and identify the barriers and opportunities for the engagement of the international humanitarian community with these groups. This engagement can be used to foster capacities for the creation of legitimate, inclusive, non-violent political and economic processes in the attempt to provide alternatives for everyone in the conflict. If the purpose of the study of complex emergencies is to understand the nature of various conflicts and, based on that understanding, make recommendations for possible routes to conflict management, the analysis of local resistance and efforts to foster it must become a major aspect of the research agenda.     

Does nutritional surveillance have a role to play in early warning of food crisis and in the management of relief operations?*

A major area of investment in data collection in developing countries has been that of nutritional surveillance and monitoring. From recent debate it is clear that there is currently no consensus on the potential role of nutritional status as an early warning indicator. The author presents a synthesis of the broad spectrum of views on the role nutritional surveillance could or should have in early warning. Conceptual problems and technical difficulties are reviewed in the light of recent experiences in Africa and Asia. The author raises a number of issues for future discussion in this ongoing debate.     

等维灰数递补动态模型对四川境外客源市场的预测

通过对四川省1997-2005年境外游客数量的分析，发现除个别年份以外，整个时间序列总体呈增长趋势。根据客流量与时间的关系：利用动态灰色预测理论建立了四川省境外客源市场的等维灰数递补动态预测模型。经过检验，该模型既与实际客流量相吻合，又能精确地给出短期甚至中期的预报结果。通过对未来几年客流量进行预测，并据此提出相应的建议，提供给有关管理和决策部门参考。