循环流化床锅炉掺烧高炉煤气的应用

介绍了高炉煤气的主要燃烧特性,分析了高炉煤气在循环流化床锅炉中掺烧时对炉膛换热、过热蒸汽温度、锅炉负荷、热效率、分离装置以及环境的影响,并提出了消除不良影响的相应措施。     

煤与瓦斯突出过程中煤体层裂演化特征实验研究

为了探究煤与瓦斯突出过程中煤体层裂演化特征,利用自主研制的煤与瓦斯突出实验模拟系统,研究突出过程中煤体层裂结构特征、煤体裂隙厚度演化特征和煤体质点运动演化特征。研究结果表明：在轴向应力0.9 MPa、瓦斯压力0.4 MPa时,煤体层裂发展时间持续85 ms,煤体共计出现11处裂隙。层裂从煤体后方的弱构面出现并向前方发展,其位置大多集中于突出腔体中后部,煤体层裂形式均为纵向贯通,在第9处出现最大纵向断裂裂隙。煤体裂隙总厚度约为75.6 mm、单处裂隙平均厚度约为8.4 mm,二者均呈现随时间递增的趋势。层裂过程中煤体单处裂隙厚度并不都是沿程递增的,部分煤体中部裂隙厚度呈现先增大后减小的特征。煤体的运动表现为靠近突出口端的运动速度更快、运动距离也更长。研究结果可为揭示煤与瓦斯突出层裂机制提供参考。     

小煤柱巷道围岩变形的力学机理及演化过程研究

为研究小煤柱巷道围岩变形力学机理与演化过程,以石槽村矿某回风巷为研究对象,采用理论分析、FLAC3D数值模拟以及现场实测等方法,分析小煤柱条件下巷道围岩变形的主要影响因素以及表征特点。研究结果表明:侧压系数为巷道围岩变形的主控因素;侧压系数与巷道顶底板位移量呈正比关系,与两帮位移量呈反比关系;回风巷每次受采动影响时,变形可分为巷道稳定阶段、位移分化阶段以及位移加速变化阶段;围岩变形主要发生在一次采动影响时,此时巷道变形呈现明显的不对称,左右两帮的位移量差异明显,巷道的中心位置明显偏移。研究结果可为小煤柱巷道围岩支护提供技术参考。     

Structural equation model of the influence of noise annoyance on miners’ unsafe behavior in coal mines

Miners' unsafe behavior (UB) is the main cause of coal mine accidents. Previous research has suggested that excessive noise in tunnels impacts miners' temperaments and safe production behavior. To explore the influence of noise on UB, four different dimensions of noise annoyance were identified: cognitive, emotional, communication, and physical mechanism annoyance. The coal mine noise annoyance scale, miners' unsafe behavior intention (UBI) scale, and miners’ UB scale were developed according to different dimensions. In the first survey, a total of 200 questionnaires were distributed in the two coal mines, and 193 valid questionnaires were recovered. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted, and invalid items were removed according to the analysis results to form the final scale. Then, 500 final scales were distributed in two Chinese coal mines, and 482 valid questionnaires were collected. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted by collating the data of the second questionnaire. Based upon the structural equation model (SEM), the SEM of the influence of noise annoyance degree on UB and the path analysis with latent variable path analysis with the latent variables (PA-LVs) mediating model of the effect of UBI on UB were established, and the path coefficients with fitting data of the model were analyzed. The results indicated that the four dimensions of coal mine noise annoyance had a strong positive impact on UB, which was reduced by less noise annoyance. In addition, the Bootstrap method was used to verify the mediating method among the four dimensions of noise annoyance, cognitive annoyance, emotional annoyance, with communication annoyance indirectly affecting UB through UBI. The research results provide theoretical support for reducing the UB of miners and improving coal mine safety levels.     

“京津冀”地区煤炭相关产业链的体现能核算与政策分析

目前,我国面临的大气污染问题愈发严重,尤其在"京津冀"地区更为突出。而煤炭相关产业链的能源消耗结构及其污染物排放是导致此问题的重要原因之一。本研究基于2012年"京津冀"地区各省、市的能源平衡表,通过区域间能源调配模型,绘制了煤流和能流桑基图,厘清了"京津冀"地区2012年煤炭相关产业链的物质与能量走向,并运用了投入产出法系统核算了"京津冀"地区煤炭相关产业链的体现能与24种污染物排放量。研究结果表明:(1)"京津冀"地区的原煤主要依赖调运,属于净煤炭进口地区。(2)原煤的直接使用在"京津冀"地区的煤炭相关产业链中占有非常大比重。将体现能角度分析的结果与能量角度分析的结果对比,可以发现煤化工产业在煤炭相关产业链中的潜在能量消耗仍然具有较大的贡献。(3)焦炭是终端消费能量的主要来源,也是体现能的主要贡献源。(4)在煤炭转化能源利用效率上,"京津冀"地区2012年煤炭相关产业链洗选煤、煤制品加工、炼焦三个环节的效率分别为87.77%、92.46%、90.97%,稍低于中国2012年96.16%的利用效率。(5)原煤、焦炭的直接消费和炼焦过程对"京津冀"地区2012年煤炭相关产业链七种主要污染物的贡献率最大。为了有效减少"京津冀"地区煤炭相关产业链的污染物排放,需要对原煤、焦炭的直接消费和炼焦过程采取相应的减排政策和措施。本研究可以为"京津冀"地区煤炭相关产业链提高能源利用效率、减少体现能和污染物排放、采取改进措施提供一定的理论支持和政策建议。     

Possible Use of Ash Residues for the Construction of Artificial Reefs at Sea

Utilization of ash residues, including coal ash, oil ash, and municipal solid waste combustion ash, for the construction of artificial reefs at sea has been investigated by many researchers throughout the world for nearly 20 years. Both laboratory and field studies have shown that an artificial reef made of stabillized ash-concrete (SAC) has had no adverse effect on the marine environment. Indeed, published studies have shown that fish counts increase around SAC reefs owing to an abundance of colonizing organisms and to protection provided by cavities within the reef structures. However, public and regulatory resistance to the use of SAC for artificial reef construction at sea is still very strong in certain countries due to concern for possible negative environmental impacts, primarily in the area of bioaccumulation of elements or compounds originating from the ash component of SAC.

In this paper, technological feasibility of using ash residues for artificial reef construction is presented, based on the available 20 years of scientific data, including engineering workability, physical integrity, chemical leaching potential and biological effects. More important, we also identify conceptual barriers for the acceptance of using SAC for the construction of ocean reefs and suggest approaches to overcome these barriers.     

焦作朱村矿矸石山周围土壤重金属污染特征分析

经对朱村矿矸石山周围的表层土壤污染状况进行调查和监测分析，总结出Cd、Cr、Zn、Pb、Cu等重金属元素在矸石堆周围土壤中的分布状况和变化规律。研究表明：焦作朱村矿矸石山周围土壤无Cr污染；受Cd污染不明显；Cu污染程度较轻；Pb的污染受交通影响波动较大；Zn污染较重，其污染浓度与矸石堆距离呈非线性负相关关系：     

火电站脱硫新模式--燃前煤粉在线脱硫

1999年全国二氧化硫排放总量l857万t，而火电厂SO2排放810万t，占全国SO2排放的43．6％。火电站脱硫已成为研究的热点。对火电站脱硫新模式-燃前煤粉的摩擦电选在线脱硫进行了研究论述：(1)应用摩擦电选技术与电站制粉系统集成进行火电站燃前煤粉在线脱硫降灰的原理；(2)该技术的合理性及可选性；(3)实现燃前煤粉在线脱硫降灰对锅炉燃烧特性的影响；(4)该技术的应用前景。     

用高效分散剂碳化法从煤矸石中制备超细氢氧化铝粉体

利用煤矸石为原料制备超细氢氧化铝粉体。采用高温煅烧活化煤矸石，利用C2S晶相转变制备煤矸石自粉化料，用8％Na2CO3溶液从煤矸石自粉化料中以NaAlO2形式提取铝组分，用高效分散剂碳化法制备超细氢氧化铝粉体。研究了高效分散剂碳化法制备高纯超细氢氧化铝粉体的影响因素，找出了高效分散剂碳化法制备超细氢氧化铝粉体的最佳条件，制备出了平均粒度〈100nm、纯度〉99．9％的氢氧化铝，为煤矸石的高价值利用开辟了一条新的途径。     

水喷淋法控制煤尘的研究

水喷淋法是连续采煤过程中广泛应用的一种有效的除尘方法。由于煤是憎水性物质，使水喷淋的除尘效率受到一定的限制。本研究表明，粉尘的粒径影响极大，粒径越小的煤尘，界面张力对它的影响相对就越大，其捕集效率就越低，使用表面活性剂的效力也就越明显。当尘粒极微小时，其斯托克数亦很小，使动能小于穿透功（Ｅｋ＜Ｗ），惯性碰撞不再是支配性的捕集作用机理，尘粒与水滴之间的界面作用要受到许多其他参数的控制。在不同的操作条件下，许多作用力互相竞争，起着各种各样的协同作用。喷淋水中含有电解质会降低煤尘捕集效率，含盐量的多少是一个不可忽视的因素。阳离子表面活性剂可以提高憎水性煤尘的捕集效率，但是，喷淋水中的电解质会干扰离子型表面活性剂的效力。