High-resolution modeling and evaluation of ozone air quality of Osaka using an MM5-CMAQ system

High-resolution modeling approach is increasingly being considered as a necessary step for improving the monitoring and predictions of regional air quality.This is especially true for highly urbanized region with complex terrain and land-use.This study uses Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model coupled with MM5 mesoscale model for a comprehensive analysis to assess the suitability of such high-resolution modeling system in predicting ozone air quality in the complex terrains of Osaka,Japan.The 1-km and 3-km grid domains were nested inside a 9-km domain and the domain with 1-km grid covered the Osaka region.High-resolution Grid Point Value-Mesoscale Model μgPV-MSM) data were used after suitable validation.The simulated ozone concentrations were validated and evaluated using statistical metrics using performance criteria set for ozone.Daily maxima of ozone were found better simulated by the 1-km grid domain than the coarser 9-km and 3-km domains,with the maximum improvement in the mean absolute gross error about 3 ppbv.In addition,1-km grid results fared better than other grids at most of the observation stations that showed noticeable differences in gross error as well as correlation.These results amply justify the use of the integrated high-resolution MM5-CMAQ modeling system in the highly urbanized region,such as the Osaka region,which has complex terrain and land-use.     

钻井废液的O_3/H_2O_2深度氧化处理研究

针对钻井废液COD高,成分复杂,难降解的特点,对经过破胶分离后的废水进行O3预氧化-中间混凝-O3/H2O2深度氧化处理工艺,考察了处理过程中pH值、O3与H2O2的加量、反应时间等。结果表明,当体系pH值为12,O3流量0.2m3/h,H2O2的加量700mg/L,反应时间50min时,原水COD由1462mg/L降至142mg/L,去除率高达90.28%。     

高浓度制药废水预处理技术试验研究

以某制药厂排出的制药废水为处理对象,研究比较了混凝法、Fenton氧化法、臭氧氧化法、电解法和微电解法对废水的预处理效果。发现混凝法不能有效去除废水中的溶解性的有机物,微电解法和电解法对去除有机物有很好的效果,CODcr的去除率可达65％以上。Fenton氧化和微电解法对色度的去除效果较好,臭氧氧化和电解由于氧化还原反应可能生成一些新的物质,使得废水色度反而上升。除化学混凝法外,其他各种方法均能明显提高废水的B／C值,为后续的生化处理创造有利条件。     

沉积物与土壤有机质化学发光分析技术研究

文章提出了一种新的快速、现场分析沉积物和土壤中有机质含量以及组成特征的方法。该方法的提出建立在臭氧与沉积物和土壤中有机质发生氧化反应过程中会产生化学发光现象基础上。研究发现,不同沉积物和土壤样品由于组成结构不同,所产生的化学发光动力学曲线具有明显特异性差异。利用这种差异,通过原理试验样机所获取的样品化学发光动力学曲线,文章针对沉积物和土壤中有机质进行了初步的定量、定性含量研究,并结合现有检测方法,验证了臭氧氧化发光分析方法分析沉积物和土壤中有机质的可行性。根据实验中得到的不同沉积物和土壤样品化学发光动力学曲线具有很大信息差异的现象,进一步提出了建立沉积物和土壤中有机质特征编码"有机质指纹"的概念。     

高级氧化-BAF深度处理焦化废水

采用O3+BAF和Fenton+BAF两种工艺去除焦化废水中经生物处理后的残余污染物,考察了O3浓度、pH值、亚铁/双氧水配比、双氧水加入量、曝气时间等影响因素。结果表明,当臭氧加入量为800mg/L,BAF曝气时间为18h,双氧水加入量为0.5mL/L,亚铁为2g/L,出水COD都低于70mg/L,色度低于50倍,达到一级排放标准。     

High-resolution modeling and evaluation of ozone air quality of Osaka using MM5-CMAQ system

High-resolution modeling approach is increasingly being considered as a necessary step for improving the monitoring and predictions of regional air quality. This is especially true for highly urbanized region with complex terrain and land-use. This study uses Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model coupled with MM5 mesoscale model for a comprehensive analysis to assess the suitability of such high-resolution modeling system in predicting ozone air quality in the complex terrains of Osaka, Japan. The 1-km and 3-km grid domains were nested inside a 9-km domain and the domain with 1-km grid covered the Osaka region. High-resolution Grid Point Value-Mesoscale Model (GPV-MSM) data were used after suitable validation. The simulated ozone concentrations were validated and evaluated using statistical metrics using performance criteria set for ozone. Daily maxima of ozone were found better simulated by the 1-km grid domain than the coarser 9-km and 3-km domains, with the maximum improvement in the mean absolute gross error about 3 ppbv. In addition, 1-km grid results fared better than other grids at most of the observation stations that showed noticeable di erences in gross error as well as correlation. These results amply justify the use of the integrated high-resolution MM5-CMAQ modeling system in the highly urbanized region, such as the Osaka region, which has complex terrain and land-use.     

保定市臭氧污染时空变化特征分析研究

为了解保定臭氧污染状况,利用2013年各环境空气自动监测点位监测数据,对臭氧污染状况及其时空变化特征进行分析.研究结果表明:①臭氧浓度的日变化呈单峰型结构,最高值与最低值分别出现在14点和6点,臭氧呈现明显的"周末效应".②臭氧浓度的月和季度变化具有典型的季节特征,春、夏季高,秋、冬季低,与太阳辐射强度呈正相关性.③各监测点位的臭氧浓度值差异明显,最高值与最低值分别出现在游泳馆点位和华电二校点位.     

美日臭氧污染问题及治理经验借鉴研究

以臭氧(O_3)为主要成分的"光化学氧化剂"是光化学烟雾的真身。臭氧污染受臭氧前体物排放及其复杂的相互转化关系控制,导致臭氧污染问题在治理过程中具有高度的复杂性和反复性,甚至成为全球性环境难题。我国城市群臭氧污染问题继PM2.5污染后日趋突出,本文探讨和总结了美国洛杉矶、日本东京等大都市在污染治理方面的经验,以期为我国构建更加全面、科学、系统的治理体系推进臭氧污染防治工作提供借鉴。     

中国东部地区的O3 污染形成机制及趋势的初步探讨

本文探讨了中国地区在高气溶胶污染下臭氧形成的问题。过去对臭氧污染的讨论主要集中在臭氧前提物（NO_x, CO和VOCs）的讨论。并根据其各自的排放量研究臭氧形成在本地区是由NO_x 还是VOCs控制的。然而,在中国高气溶胶频发的条件下,太阳辐射被强烈压抑,极大减少了臭氧形成的光化学过程。因此本文建议,除去臭氧形成的NO_x及VOCs控制条件,还应有一个太阳光子控制条件。而中国由于高气溶胶污染,目前臭氧的形成应是受太阳光子控制条件的影响。因此压抑了臭氧的形成。然而,随着气溶胶污染的治理和改善,光化学活动的增强,臭氧污染会成为中国将来的严重问题,应加以重视。     

羟基氧化铁催化臭氧氧化微污染有机物能效与机理研究

非均相金属氧化物催化臭氧氧化技术已日趋成熟,其中负载型催化剂使用较多,对羟基金属氧化物催化臭氧氧化技术展开讨论。羟基氧化铁可加快臭氧的氧化效率,提高有机物的可生化性,降低溴酸盐的形成。表面羟基位是目前流行的机理探究方向,但是对于催化臭氧氧化反应的活性位点仍未形成定论。金属氧化物催化剂因其操作简便和无附加能量投入得到重视,因此深入揭示多相催化臭氧化降解污染物催化机理,制备廉价、高效、易回收再利用的催化剂是未来研究的方向。