汽车覆盖件冲压工艺设计KBE系统中的知识表示技术

根据汽车覆盖件冲压工艺设计的特点 ,阐述了与汽车覆盖件冲压工艺设计有关的不同类型知识的表示方法 ,主要有一阶谓词逻辑、语义网络、产生式规则、框架和剧本、可视化文本和图象 ,以及面向对象的方法等 ,并比较了各种方法的优缺点。面向对象的集成知识表示等方法成功地应用于汽车覆盖件冲压工艺设计KBE系统的知识表示     

Prediction of the concentration of chlorophyll-α for Liuhai urban lakes in Beijing City

Introduction The eutrophication of fresh w ater has becom e a m ain w ater environm ental problem in the w orld. The m ain negative im pacts of fresh w ater eutrophication are w ater quality deterioration and the decrease of hydrophytes and aquatic specie…     

多元回归分析法在突发性事故污染预测中的应用

运用多元回归性，通过预测模型的选择、基础数据系列化、回归模型的建立和回归效果的检验，建立了化学污染危害面积、纵深与诸条件的关系，达到了快速估算的目的，是突出性化学环境污染危害预测的一种方法。     

西部地区经济发展与水环境质量的相关分析

认识经济发展与水环境污染的关系,以求西部地区经济与环境的协调发展。文章运用环境库兹涅茨理论和自回归分析模型,对1995～2004年我国西部地区人均GDP与废水排放量的分析,可知西部地区的人均GDP增加1%,则污水排放量增加0.582%,经济发展伴随着水环境质量的持续恶化,说明西部地区目前处于环境库兹涅茨曲线的左半部分。因此有必要加强对水环境的规制和治理,改善经济发展和水环境质量之间的这种两难关系。还表明自回归模型对于西部地区水环境质量的预测也是有效的。     

ANALYZING CORRELATIONS BETWEEN STREAM AND WATERSHED ATTRIBUTES1

ABSTRACT: Bivariate correlation analysis has been widely used to explore relationships between stream and watershed attributes that have all been measured on the same set of watersheds or sampling locations. Researchers routinely test H₀: ρ= 0 for each correlation in a large table and then go on to discuss only those that are declared “significant.” Such test results are inaccurate because no allowance is made for multiple testing, and also because the tests are not mutually independent. This paper reviews the Bonferroni approach to controlling the overall error rate in multiple testing and shows how the approach becomes impractical for large correlation tables. The Hotelling/Williams test is introduced for comparing two dependent correlations that share a variable, and numerical constraints for two such correlations are illustrated. References are also given for testing other hypothesized patterns among dependent correlations, and links to dependent correlation software are provided. The methods are illustrated for watershed and stream variables sampled in 23 small agricultural watersheds of the Willamette Valley, Oregon.     

滑坡灾害危险性评价模型比较

通过对庆元地区滑坡灾害的详细研究，比较讨论了单变量评价、决策树评价与逻辑回归法等3种滑坡危险性评价模型在实际应用中的效果。单变量模型最为简单，计算方便，得到的结果也具有较高的准确性，当收集到的滑坡因素越多，对滑坡发育的刻画越精确，则最终评价结果也越可信；决策树算法能迅速从大量样本中归纳出一般规则，并具有较高的精度，但其结果也受到训练样本数量大小和样本维数即参与评价的因素集数量的影响；逻辑回归模型具有计算方法简单、评价结果物理意义明确等突出优点，但需要有大量样本数据的支持才能取得较好的效果。     

森林可燃物参数与林分特征关系

森林地被可燃物是引起森林火灾的重要原因,掌握森林地被可燃物的载量分布,对森林火灾的预防有着十分重要的意义.但森林地被可燃物载量数据的获得是比较困难的,运用Spss11.0 for windows统计软件系统,对兴安落叶松林和杨桦林的林分因子和各类地被可燃物载量进行后向逐步线性回归分析,建立了一套数学模型,取得了较为满意的结果,从而可以通过林分因子推算各类地被可燃物载量.     

AN EVALUATION OF THE AVAILABLE TECHNIQUES FOR ESTIMATING MISSING FECAL COLIFORM DATA1

ABSTRACT: This paper presents the findings of a study aimed at evaluating the available techniques for estimating missing fecal coliform (FC) data on a temporal basis. The techniques investigated include: linear and nonlinear regression analysis and interpolation functions, and the use of artificial neural networks (ANNs). In all, seven interpolation, two regression, and one ANN model structures were investigated. This paper also investigates the validity of a hypothesis that estimating missing FC data by developing different models using different data corresponding to different dynamics associated with different trends in the FC data may result in a better model performance. The FC data (counts/100 ml) derived from the North Fork of the Kentucky River in Kentucky were employed to calibrate and validate various models. The performance of various models was evaluated using a wide variety of standard statistical measures. The results obtained in this study are able to demonstrate that the ANNs can be preferred over the conventional techniques in estimating missing FC data in a watershed. The regression technique was not found suitable in estimating missing FC data on a temporal basis. Further, it has been found that it is possible to achieve a better model performance by first decomposing the whole data set into different categories corresponding to different dynamics and then developing separate models for separate categories rather than developing a single model for the composite data set.     

洪涝灾害评价的威布尔模型

首次将威布尔分布用于淮河流域水灾成灾面积研究,揭示了淮河流域洪涝灾害成灾面积形成的 内在规律,进而利用河南、安徽、江苏和山东4省的各自灾度对淮河流域的灾害风险建立了线性回归模型.实证分析表明,本方法切实可行,特别适用于大样本计算.     

中国水灾社会脆弱性评估方法的改进与应用--以长沙地区为例

中国是洪水灾害发生频繁的国家之一,研究水灾脆弱性对中国的灾害风险管理有重要的意义.但是,合理评估脆弱性尤其是社会脆弱性却面临着极大的挑战.论文对评估社会脆弱性指数的研究现状进行了分析,指出了传统评估方法存在的问题,并尝试改进Hoovering评估模式.选择湘江流域的长沙地区为研究区,应用改进模型对研究区进行了社会脆弱性指数的评估.结果表明,长沙地区社会脆弱性从1980年至2000年基本处于下降趋势,但是在2002年和2003年增长迅速.2003年,长沙5区4县中社会脆弱性指数最大的是开福区,其次是长沙县,而宁乡县的社会脆弱性指数最低.