Effect of the air pollution on atmospheric visibility in Beijing-Tianjin area

Simultaneous measurements of air pollutant concentrations and atmospheric visibility were made in Beijing and Tianjin areas in 1983-1985. The relationship between air pollution and visibility was studied. It was found that atmospheric particulates have the most high contribution to visibility decreasing. The percentages of contributions of sulfates and soot are 52-58% and 22-29% respectively. According to the results, we suggest that the emission of SO2 and particulates must be controlled in order to improve the atmospheric visibility.     

我国大气颗粒物表征研究进展

综述了国内有关大气颗粒物表征的研究进展，主要围绕大气颗粒物的基本特性、化学组成及其存在状态、毒理学、及源解析的研究进行了阐述。最后，文章还展望了其今后的研究发展方向。     

家庭居室内颗粒物污染物浓度的影响因素

通过监测分析，探讨了家庭居室内颗粒物污染物的来源，对人体的危害，及影响因素。结果表明，影响家庭居室内颗粒物污染物浓度因素有室外污染源、室内污染源、气象条件和室内的人类活动。     

用投影寻踪回归进行大气颗粒物的污染源解析

 应用投影寻踪回归技术（PPR）对大气颗粒物的污染源成分谱和大气采集样本中的元素测试数据进行分析，得到大气颗粒物的污染源的权重贡献率的一种原解析新方法该方法应用于上海大气颗粒物的污染源的解析,结果表明，影响上海市大气颗粒物的主要污染源是建筑尘、土壤尘、燃煤尘和冶金尘它们的平均贡献率之和十占全部尘源的85%以上     

上海市大气颗粒物生物毒性及二噁英呼吸暴露风险评价

使用Vibrio fischeri发光细菌法,评价了工业区和居民区大气颗粒物悬浮液的细菌毒性,并对颗粒物暴露后的老鼠毒性效应进行了分析和讨论;应用HRGC-HRMS研究了工业区大气中二噁英浓度水平及组分特征,并在此基础上开展了二噁英呼吸暴露风险评价.结果显示：工业区大气颗粒物的细菌毒性要明显高于居民区,表明急性毒性结果与局地污染排放密切相关;不同粒径分布的大气颗粒物细菌毒性结果产生显著差异,证明毒性成分主要吸附在较细粒径的颗粒物上.强有力的证据表明,颗粒物暴露后的肺组织病理损伤与氧化性自由基过量产生有关,因此与自由基相关的毒理机制可作为下一步深入研究的路径.4个采样点主动采样、被动采样和大气沉降样品二噁英浓度范围分别为0.034~1.29pg/m³、0.031~0.103pg/m³和0.226~4.67pg/（m²·d）,平均值分别为0.366pg/m³、0.063pg/m³和1.82pg/（m²·d）;优势组分分别为2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF、2,3,4,6,7,8-HxCDF、1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDF和1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDF,2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF、1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD、2,3,7,8-TCDD和2,3,7,8-TCDF,2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF、1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD、2,3,4,6,7,8-HxCDF和1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDF.成人和儿童呼吸暴露量最大值分别为9.74×10^-2pg/（kg·d）和1.28×10^-1pg/（kg·d）,均低于0.4pg/（kg·d）（呼吸进入人体的每日允许摄入量）,表明暴露风险处于可接受水平.     

污染源颗粒物监测结果偏离的原因探讨

对比玻璃纤维滤筒在不同温度下的前处理效果,对比滤筒、滤膜在特殊情况下采样的差别,综合现场采样及质量控制的因素,查找、分析低浓度污染源颗粒物监测数据出现较大误差、数据失实、缺乏代表性的原因,提出解决办法,确保监测数据的准确性。     

An opinion on the distribution and behavior of chemicals in response to climate change,with particular reference to the Asia-Pacific region

There is a general lack of knowledge as regards the effects of climate change on pollutant behavior. This is particularly true of the Asia-Pacific Region (APR). This region has major significance in terms of global pollutant emission and also displays a wide variety of environments. This review presents the authors’ opinions on possible implications of climate change for pollutant behavior in the APR. Although differing responses can be expected across the region, there are clear implications as regards the short- and long-term behavior of pollutants. Effects can be predicted through modeling, but further data are required for model calibration. Nevertheless, it can be predicted that climate change will affect processes including global distillation of persistent organic pollutants, airborne transport of heavy metals, half-life of readily degradable pollutants, and eutrophication in water bodies. Particulates are expected to play a central role in mediating the effects of climate change, and successful predictive models will need to be based on particulate-mediated transport and behavior. Climate change also has the potential to cause an increase in the intensity and frequency of harmful algal blooms in aquatic environments throughout the region, with significant implications for supply of both food and drinking water.     

扬尘污染防治理论初探

针对扬尘污染问题,进行了扬尘污染防治理论探讨,明确了扬尘的概念和特点;提出相对起尘量的概念,定量地分析了城市不同类型下垫面对扬尘污染的影响;建立了城市下垫面生态等级的划分方法;提出通过提高生态域等级及制定道路积尘量限定标准这两类措施来治理扬尘污染;建立了这两类扬尘污染防治措施的环境效益评估方法体系。     

萃取－同步荧光光谱法测定大气飘尘中苯并(a)芘

提出用浓Ｈ２ＳＯ４从大气飘尘样品的环己烷提取液中一次萃取后,用同步荧光光谱测定苯并（ａ）芘的方法,选用△λ为２０ｎｍ时可获最佳效果,用浓硫酸萃取的时间仅１ｍｉｎ,苯并（ａ）芘在浓硫酸相中１ｈ内稳定,样品加标的回收率为８５％,其它多环芳烃化合物在５３０－６００ｎｍ的测定波长范围不干扰苯并（ａ）芘的测定,用乙酰化滤纸层析－荧光分光光度的统一方法作为对比对实际样品进行了测定,结果与后者的偏差在±１５％以     

大气颗粒物的形态、成分分布的透射电镜、X-射线衍射研究

本文利用透射电镜和X-射线衍射技术,对酸雨危害较为严重的重庆市市区大气颗粒物样品进行了较力细致的研究工作。通过对大气飘尘的表面状态、元素组成以及其结合形态的研究,发现粒度较小的球状颗粒物及粗柱状矿物飘尘对酸雨形成影响较大。同时,本文还对酸雨的形成机理进行了一些探讨。