客运专线桥梁的地震能量响应分析

在依据能量平衡原理建立的客运专线桥梁地震能量方程的基础上,考虑柔性地基效应和地震动特性的影响,利用大型有限元分析(FEA)软件ANSYS建立某客运专线双柱式桥墩的FEA模型。研究了考虑土-结构相互作用效应的客运专线桥梁进入非弹性状态后的地震能量响应以及各类能量在结构整体系统中的分配规律。分析结果表明:结构滞回耗能和阻尼耗能是客运专线桥梁消耗地震能量的主要方式,而土-结构相互作用和地震动峰值加速度(PGA)对客运专线桥梁的地震总输入能、滞回耗能、阻尼耗能有显著影响,不容忽视。     

加拿大城市可持续性发展战略及对我国的启示

二战以来，全世界万其是发在国家与地区经历了城市化的快速发展以后，城市化的发展步入了以“质”为核 心的新阶段，城市的可持续性发展显得万为重要，并在全世界范围内展开了深入研究，而作为一个发展中国家，我们对城市可持续性发展研究相对较少。为此，我们以加拿大城市可持续性发展为例，详细介绍了加拿大面对城市的可持续性发展所采取的一系列措施，并针对我国的具体情况，提出了我国城市的可持续性发展应该注意的一些问题。     

无线局网域技术在地铁应急救援指挥系统中的应用

应用成熟的无线局网域技术在城市轨道交通领域，在单一的移动宽带多媒体通信平台实现地铁列车视频监控、应急救援指挥、乘客服务等功能，具有良好的社会、经济效益。介绍了广州地铁PIDS系统的构成和功能。     

综合客运交通中机场电磁环境影响分析

随着我国国民经济的快速发展,大城市迫切需要建立多层次、立体化综合交通枢纽,将城际铁路、轨道交通引入机场区域已成为越来越多城市交通的发展趋势。但机场电磁环境会否因此受到影响,飞机导航安全性、可靠性是否得到绝对保障成为人们关注的焦点。本文通过某省会城市国际机场的实例,预测分析了两种轨道交通对机场电磁环境的影响。从而为今后综合客运枢纽中,不同交通运输方式间的安全兼容提供了参考和思路,为交通工程规划建设的合理性、可行性提供技术依据。     

家用小型汽车室内多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)的检测

为了研究家用小型汽车室内多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)的存在状态,对上海市7辆使用2 a以上的不同型号家用轿车进行了调查。采集形成于车窗玻璃内表面的有机膜,采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GCMS)对有机模样品进行了定性及定量分析,并根据表面膜-空气分配模型计算汽车室内空气中PBDEs的质量浓度。结果表明:13种待测多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)目标化合物均被检出;在车窗玻璃内表面有机膜中,Σ13PBDEs含量为19.63~26.13 ng/m2;家用小型汽车室内空气中Σ13PBDEs质量浓度为376.61~961.24 pg/m3;由于PBDEs的正辛醇-空气分配系数KOA与PBDEs的溴代度正相关,高溴代PBDEs在有机膜中的含量较高(实测BDE-209是其最主要的污染物),而低溴代PBDEs在空气中的含量较高(BDE-28是其最主要的污染物);与家庭、办公场所、公共场所等室内环境相比,家用小型汽车室内空气中PBDEs质量浓度处于较高水平。     

铁路客车空调换热器的电算法

介绍利用计算机对铁路客车空调换热器进行设计计算,建立空调换热器的数学模型,绘制流程图,根据实际经验指出了编制程序过程中应注意的问题.以CA25B型空调餐车为例,利用所编程序,对其蒸发器按不同的管排列方式分别进行了设计,指出差排比顺排更适用于空调列车.最后得出结论:电算能大大缩短设计时间,提高计算准确度,并能快速对多种方案进行比较而选取换热器的最佳结构形成,达到节能和节约材料的目的.     

Influences of accumulated mileage and technological changes on emissions of regulated pollutants from gasoline passenger vehicles

In this study, the influences of accumulated mileage(deterioration) and technological changes(emission standards) on emission factors(EFs) of regulated pollutants(CO, HC, and NO_x) from gasoline passenger vehicles were investigated based on Inspection and Maintenance(I/M) data using the chassis dynamometer method. The accumulated mileage of passenger vehicles was significantly linearly correlated with vehicle age. For most cases,the average EFs of CO, HC and NO_x were significantly linearly correlated with accumulated mileage, indicating that emission deterioration had a significant impact on pollutant EFs.Implemented emission standards markedly influenced the EFs of regulated pollutants, and EFs markedly decreased with progressing emission standards. The present study also compared EFs of regulated pollutants between this study and the International vehicle emission(IVE) model, and marked differences in EFs were seen with variations in emission standards, vehicle types and accumulated mileage; NO_x EFs in this study were higher than in the IVE model. The results provide new insight into estimating regulated pollutant emissions using the IVE model.     

客运索道钢丝绳安全检测技术的应用分析

本文通过对各种无损检测方法的特点及局限性分析，探讨客运索道钢丝绳安全检测技术和适宜的在线检测方法。经过对各种检测方法进行分析比较，认为磁性检测是客运索道钢丝绳安全无损检测的一种实用检测方法之一。     

Real-world fuel consumption of light-duty passenger vehicles using on-board diagnostic (OBD) systems

• Fuel consumption (FC) from LDPVs is measured using on-board diagnostic method (OBD). • The FC of the OBD is 7.1% lower than that of the carbon balance results. • The discrepancy between the approved FC and real-world FC is 13%±18%. • There is a strong relationship (R²=0.984) between the average speed and relative FC. An increasing discrepancy between real-world and type-approval fuel consumption for light-duty passenger vehicles (LDPVs) has been reported by several studies. Normally, real-world fuel consumption is measured primarily by a portable emission measurement system. The on-board diagnostic (OBD) approach, which is flexible and offers high-resolution data collection, is a promising fuel consumption monitoring method. Three LDPVs were tested with a laboratory dynamometer based on a type-approval cycle, the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC). Fuel consumption was measured by the OBD and constant-volume sampling system (CVS, a regulatory method) to verify the accuracy of the OBD values. The results of the OBD method and the regulatory carbon balance method exhibited a strong linear correlation (e.g., R² = 0.906-0.977). Compared with the carbon balance results, the fuel consumption results using the OBD were 7.1%±4.3% lower on average. Furthermore, the real-world fuel consumption of six LDPVs was tested in Beijing using the OBD. The results showed that the normalized NEDC real-world fuel consumption of the tested vehicles was 13%±17% higher than the type-approval-based fuel consumption. Because the OBD values are lower than the actual fuel consumption, using a carbon balance method may result in a larger discrepancy between real-word and type-approval fuel consumption. By means of the operating mode binning and micro trip methods, a strong relationship (R² = 0.984) was established between the average speed and relative fuel consumption. For congested roads (average vehicle speed less than 25 km/h), the fuel consumption of LDPVs is highly sensitive to changes in average speed.     

国内外公路旅游客运研究进展

随着旅游业的快速发展,公路旅游客运成为现代最重要的旅客运输方式之一。国内公路旅游客运的研究主要从服务质量、预测、高速公路旅游客运、案例等方面展开,国外公路旅游客运的研究主要从机构和政府管理、旅行时间测量、旅行距离计算等方面展开。通过对比国内外公路旅游客运研究现状,得出了有益的启示。