Scent of a queen—cuticular hydrocarbons specific for female reproductives in lower termites

In social insects, it is assumed that signals of the queen inform nestmates about her reproductive status. Thus, workers forego their own reproduction if the queen signals high fertility. In hemimetabolous termites, little is known about reproductive inhibition, but evidence exists for a royal-pair control. Workers of lower termites exhibit a high developmental flexibility and are potentially able to become reproductives, but the presence of a fertile reproductive restrains them from reaching sexual maturity. The nature of this control, however, remains unknown. Here, we report on qualitative differences in cuticular hydrocarbon profiles between queens and workers of the basal drywood termite Cryptotermes secundus. Queens were characterized by a shift to long-chained and branched hydrocarbons. Most remarkably, similar chemical patterns are regarded as fertility cues of reproductives in social Hymenoptera. This might suggest that both groups of social insects convergently evolved similar chemical signatures. The present study provides deeper insights into how termites might have socially exploited these signatures from sexual communication in their cockroach-like ancestor. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

天津石化PTA装置精制单元废水处理及回用技术探讨

综述了中国石化天津分公司精对苯二甲酸装置精制单元废水处理及回用的技术研究工作,分析了精制废水中的主要污染物组成及含量,采用回用处理新技术进行了试验,结果表明新处理工艺可行。     

某聚酯装置职业病危害因素对工人健康影响分析

目的探讨聚酯专用料装置职业病危害因素与作业工人健康的关系,并采取必要措施减少各类职业病危害因素对工人健康的影响。方法采用现场职业卫生学调查对某聚酯专用料装置职业病危害因素进行识别,依据作业场所各类职业病危害因素健康效应、现场检测浓度和强度,结合作业人员近3年职业健康检查结果进行综合对照分析。结果作业现场各类化学危害因素检测浓度均符合国家限值标准,噪声检测强度超出限值要求;近3年职业健康结果表明,听力下降人数有逐年增加趋势,血压升高和肝功能异常人数增加。结论作业工人听力下降受噪声影响较明显,乙醛、乙二醇、联苯、噪声等职业病危害因素对作业工人肝功能和血压可能产生影响。     

10kt/a甲醇合成精制装置安全性评估与消防设计

甲醇合成精制装置一旦发生泄漏事故,将会对厂内甚至相邻地区的人员生命、机械设备及环境造成严重威胁。为了有效预防事故的发生,通过ALOHA化学品泄漏扩散模拟软件对甲醇合成精制装置进行危险性辨识和评价。结果表明,热辐射危害是池火灾、BLEVE火球的主要危害;BLEVE火球和中毒事故危害范围较广:在BLEVE火球的热辐射中暴露60 s造成死亡的距离均超过100 m,泄漏孔径达5cm时毒气的体积分数达ERPG-3值的距离达326 m。因此,消防设计是甲醇精制装置安全系统设计的重要组成部分。根据《石油化工企业设计防火规范》及相关消防标准规范对该甲醇合成精制车间进行相应的消防系统设计,并用Auto CAD专业绘图软件绘制消防设施的布置图,为施工单位提供依据,从而提高甲醇合成精制装置的安全性,减少人员伤亡事故的发生。     

DBE雾化吸收法治理乙酸乙酯废气的吸收装置研究

以环境友好型溶剂尼龙酸甲酯(DBE)为吸收剂,经超微雾化吸收乙酸乙酯废气。实验考察了钢丝表凝塔、玻璃管表凝塔、旋流片表凝塔、丝网表凝塔等实验装置的吸收效果和总回收率。结果表明:旋流片+丝网组合式结构的表凝塔具有较好的吸收率与除雾效果,雾化吸收的总回收率为85%。     

桥(门)式起重机安全运行监控记录装置的研制

针对桥式、门式起重机结构、运行和事故特点,应用微电子技术、集成电路和软件技术,研究开发由拱度监测、起重量监测、起升钢丝绳偏角监测、起升高度监测、制动器性能监测以及大车行走同步监测等6个模块组成的安全运行监控记录装置,对桥式、门式起重机运行中可能产生的安全隐患进行实时监测,并实现这些参数的实时显示、危险报警和紧急控制,对该装置的信号采集、传送、处理以及各功能模块之间的接口对接进行较详细的阐述。实例应用表明,该装置选择的6个监控参数能实现预期的安全保护功能和监控目的。     

Worker allocation in insect societies: coordination of nectar foragers and nectar receivers in honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies

Nectar collection in the honey-bee is partitioned. Foragers collect nectar and take it to the nest, where they transfer it to receiver bees who then store it in cells. Because nectar is a fluctuating and unpredictable resource, changes in worker allocation are required to balance the work capacities of foragers and receivers so that the resource is exploited efficiently. Honey bee colonies use a complex system of signals and other feedback mechanisms to coordinate the relative and total work capacities of the two groups of workers involved. We present a functional evaluation of each of the component mechanisms used by honey bees – waggle dance, tremble dance, stop signal, shaking signal and abandonment – and analyse how their interplay leads to group-level regulation. We contrast the actual regulatory system of the honey bee with theory. The tremble dance conforms to predicted best use of information, where the group in excess applies negative feedback to itself and positive feedback to the group in shortage, but this is not true of the waggle dance. Reasons for this and other discrepancies are discussed. We also suggest reasons why honey bees use a combination of recruitment plus abandonment and not switching between subtasks, which is another mechanism for balancing the work capacities of foragers and receivers. We propose that the waggle and tremble dances are the primary regulation mechanisms, and that the stop and shaking signals are secondary mechanisms, which fine-tune the system. Fine-tuning is needed because of the inherent unreliability of the cues, queueing delays, which foragers use to make recruitment decisions. Received: 15 December 1998 / Received in revised form: 6 March 1999 / Accepted: 12 March 1999     

直升机旋翼动平衡振动信号的等角度重采样算法研究

目的 准确测量直升机旋翼基频振动的强度和相位,开展对基于振动信号降噪的等角度采样算法研究。方法 基于直升机旋翼动平衡检测的经典架构,提取桨毂传导过来的啮齿咬合振动信号,作为等相位采样的标尺,从而将振动数据从等时间采样,转换为等角度采样,减少转速微弱波动导致的相位非均匀采样对快速傅里叶变换的影响。结果 针对某型现役直升机在满速下获得的主旋翼测试数据,在经过上述方法进行重采样后,测量结果的滚动平均振动强度和相位的波动性明显降低,振动波动小于±0.01IPS,相位波动小于±10°。结论 在采用加速度传感器的条件下,通过采用啮齿咬合高频信号作为标尺,对振动信号进行等角度重采样可以提高测量的精确度。     

航空电连接器腐蚀退化仿真研究

目的 探索当航空电连接器腐蚀退化时,其接触阻抗的变化规律,研究航空电连接器腐蚀退化对信号传输的影响规律。方法 首先对航空电连接器腐蚀退化的机理进行研究,建立其等效电路模型,然后分别对低频电连接器和射频电连接器进行仿真研究,提取阻抗参数,分析腐蚀退化对信号传输的影响规律。结果 接触电阻随着腐蚀程度的加深明显增大,接触电感随着腐蚀程度的加深变化不大,接触电容随着接触面腐蚀面积的增大而增大,随接触面间腐蚀厚度的增加而减小。接触电阻随频率的增加而增大,接触电感和接触电容随频率的增大基本保持不变。接触阻抗在低频时呈现感性特征,高频时呈现容性特征,阻抗幅值随频率的增加先增大、后减小,峰值出现在感性和容性转换频率处,腐蚀退化将使该转换频率减小。结论 对于低频信号,腐蚀退化将导致信号的衰减和延迟;对于高频信号,在转换频率处,信号的回波损耗、插入损耗和电压驻波比出现极值。     

centrifugal用热控装置设计

目的 评估飞行器产品在飞行过程对热–离心综合环境的适应性,研制一套热–离心综合环境试验用热控装置。方法 从热–离心试验需求出发,完成综合试验系统总体研制目标及系统方案设计。针对高g值离心环境（离心加速度值≥90g）下的热载荷加载需求,开展基于热传导的热载荷加载方法研究,并完成适用于高g值环境的热控装置硬件布局优化设计。提出基于分段包络思想的产品响应温度梯度分布效应模拟方法及实现,减少过试验考核。结果 利用该热控装置完成了热–离心综合环境功能验证试验,设置最大加速度为92g,保载时间为3 min,最高加热温度为150℃,最大温升速率为3℃/min,3温区控制,升温过程中,温度误差优于±1.5℃。结论 该热–离心综合环境试验用热控装置可用于飞行器产品热–离心综合环境试验的考核。