Use of Fully Biodegradable Panels to Reduce Derelict Pot Threats to Marine Fauna

Fishing pots (i.e., traps) are designed to catch fish or crustaceans and are used globally. Lost pots are a concern for a variety of fisheries, and there are reports that 10 – 70% of deployed pots are lost annually. Derelict fishing pots can be a source of mortality for target and bycatch species for several years. Because continual removal of derelict gear can be impractical over large spatial extents, modifications are needed to disarm gear once it is lost. We tested a fully biodegradable panel with a cull or escape ring designed for placement on the sides of a crab pot that completely degrades into environmentally neutral constituents after approximately 1 year. This panel is relatively inexpensive, easy to install, and can be used in multiple fisheries. We used the blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) fishery as a test case because it is a large pot fishery and blue crab pots are similar to traps used in other pot fisheries. We had commercial fishers deploy pots with panels alongside standard pots in Chesapeake Bay (U.S.A.) to assess potential effects of our experimental pots on blue crab catch. We compared the number, biomass, and size of crabs captured between standard and experimental pots and evaluated differences in catch over a crabbing season (March–November) at five locations. There was no evidence that biodegradable panels adversely affected catch. In all locations and time periods, legal catches were comparable in abundance, biomass, and size between experimental and standard pots. Properly designed biodegradable panels appear to be a viable solution to mitigate adverse effects of derelict pots. Uso de Paneles Completamente Biodegradables para Reducir las Amenazas de Vasijas Abandonadas para la Fauna Marina     

V型滤池工艺设计的标准化和智能化探讨

针对V型滤池的设计特点,提出了设计的标准化方法。利用AutoCAD内嵌的Visual LISP语言编程,实现了计算机自动设计、计算及绘图的功能。程序具有人机对话的功能,从而实现了设计的智能化。     

电气设备火灾的特点与扑救

阐述电气设备火灾的特点与扑救方法,并提出火灾扑救中应注意的问题。     

硫化物测试条件的优化

针对硫化物从采样、运输、分析全过程中,特别是预处理阶段损失严重,导致测定结果经常为未测出,加标回收率低的问题,通过调查分析制定对策;对样品的采集固定、预处理吸收利用量、吹气速度等条件进行了优化选择,对硫化物预处理装置进行技术革新。减少了硫化物的吸收损失、逸散损失,提高了硫化物回收率和准确度。并通过多次实验及加标回收率的验证,取得了良好效果。     

Walking when intoxicated: An investigation of the factors which influence individuals’ drink walking intentions

Annually, in Australia, 10-15% of all road-related fatalities involve pedestrians. Of those pedestrians fatally injured, approximately 45% were walking while intoxicated or ‘drink walking’. Drink walking is increasing in prevalence and younger persons may be especially prone to engage in this behaviour and, thus, are at heightened risk of being injured or killed. Presently, limited research is available regarding the factors which influence individuals to drink walk. This study explored young people’s (17-25 years) intentions to drink walk, using an extended Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). Participants (N = 215), completed a self-report questionnaire which assessed the standard TPB constructs (attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioural control) as well as the extended constructs of risk perception, anticipated regret, and past behaviour. It was hypothesised that the standard TPB constructs would significantly predict individuals’ reported intentions to drink walk and that the additional constructs would predict intentions over and above the TPB constructs. The TPB variables significantly predicted 63.2% of the variance in individuals’ reported intentions to drink walk, and the additional variables, combined, explained a further 6.1% of the variance. Of the additional constructs, anticipated regret and past behaviour, but not risk perception, were significant predictors of drink walking intentions. As one of the first studies to provide a theoretically-based investigation of factors influencing individuals’ drink walking intentions, the current study’s findings have potentially significant implications for understanding young people’s decisions to drink walk and the design of future countermeasures to ultimately reduce this behaviour.     

A study on chest injury mechanism and the effectiveness of a headform impact test for pedestrian chest protection from vehicle collisions

This study was aimed at investigating the injury mechanism of pedestrian chests in collisions with passenger vehicles of various frontal shapes and examining the influence of the local structural stiffness on the chest injury risk by using the headform impact test at the chest contact area of the vehicle. Three simulations of vehicle to pedestrian collisions were conducted using three validated pedestrian finite element (FE) models of three pedestrian heights of 177 (AM50th), 165 and 150 cm and three FE vehicles models representing a one-box vehicle, a minicar and a medium car. The validity of the vehicle models was evaluated by comparing the headform acceleration against the measured responses from headform impact tests. The chest impact kinematics and the injury mechanisms were analyzed in terms of the distribution of the von Mises stress of the ribcage and in terms of the chest deflections. The chest contact locations on the front panel and the bonnet top were identified in connection to the causation of rib fractures. The risk of rib fractures was predicted by using the von Mises stress distribution. The headform impact tests were carried out at the chest contact area on the front panel and bonnet to examine the safety performance with respect to pedestrian chest protection. In simulations of the one-box vehicle to pedestrian collisions, the chest was struck directly by the frontal structure at a high velocity and deformed substantially, since a shear force was generated by the stiff windshield frame. The acceleration of the headform was related to the rib deflections. The injury threshold of the ribcage deflection (42 mm) corresponded to the headform average acceleration of 68 G. In the minicar collision, the chest was struck with the bonnet top and cowl area at a low velocity, and the deformation was small due to the distributed contact force between the chest and the bonnet top. Besides, the ribcage deformation was too small for bridging a relation between the headform accelerations and rib deflections. In the medium car collision, the deformation mode of the chest was similar to that in the minicar collision. The chest collided with the bonnet top at a low velocity and deformed uniformly. The deflection of the ribs had an observable correlation with the headform accelerations measured in the headform impact tests. The frontal shape of a vehicle has a large influence on a pedestrian’s chest loadings, and the chest deformation depends on the size of the pedestrian and the stiffness of the vehicle. The one-box passenger vehicle causes a high chest injury risk. The headform impactor test can be utilized for the evaluation of the local stiffness of a vehicle’s frontal structure. The reduction of the headform acceleration is an effective measure for pedestrian chest protection for specific shapes of vehicles by efficacy in modifying the local structural stiffness.     

房间开门形式对人员疏散的影响分析

采用计算机数值模拟软件FDS+Evac,对房间开门形式对人员疏散的影响进行分析。建立疏散模型,房间人员密度设置3种情况,着重研究了7种开门形式条件下人员疏散过程。研究表明,房间开门总宽度一定时,只设置一道门,疏散效率最高。当房间需要满足设置两道门时,门应尽量设置在房间的两对边墙上,这样疏散效率较高。两道门设置在房间相邻边墙上时最不利于人员疏散。研究结果为房间开门的设计提供了参考依据。     

走廊弯腰疏散行为试验研究

为研究走廊里人群弯腰疏散行为,组织45名学生进行6组不同初始密度疏散试验,通过录像分析得出不同密度时弯腰疏散基本图,将结果与行走及爬行疏散比较。试验结果表明:弯腰和行走疏散的速度分别是1.4 m/s和1.7 m/s,而爬行疏散速度为0.73 m/s;在密度小于0.5人/m2时,3种疏散方式的流动速度相当;在密度大于0.5人/m2时,3种移动方式速度有明显差异;得出弯腰疏散的速度频率分布图,速度均值为:女生1.02±0.16 m/s,男生1.09±0.2 m/s;在低速度区,女生占很大比重,男生在高速度区的频率较高。     

撬装式加油装置消防设计要点及消防安全管理探讨

撬装式加油装置作为甘肃省精准扶贫项目在省内各地大面积推广建设,但在建设实施过程中发现消防安全方面的挑战和隐患。通过分析存在的问题,并结合撬装式加油装置的特点,依据标准规范提出了撬装式加油装置消防设计方面需要注意的要点,并据此提出具有针对性的消防安全管理措施,确保撬装式加油装置在建设运营过程中的安全稳定。     

从产品缺陷案例和常见旁路装置结构中探讨旁路装置的检验要点

对于TSG T7OO1-2009《电梯监督检验和定期检验规则——曳引与强制驱动电梯》2号修改单以前生产的电梯,门锁回路故障时往往在机房控制柜处通过导线短接门锁回路来排查具体故障出处,导线短接操作常因忘记拆掉短接线而引发风险,错误的短接风险更大。电梯增加旁路装置,旁路时,电梯退出正常运行,只有在检修或紧急电动的情况下才能缓慢移动轿厢,并伴有声光报警,给维保人员提供了方便,本文从某品牌型号的电梯旁路装置产品缺陷以及三种常见旁路装置中探讨旁路装置的检验要点。