基于改进社会力模型的地铁大客流疏散能力研究*

为有效应对大客流情景下人群拥挤对地铁站正常运行带来的影响,采用社会力模型和Anylogic仿真软件,对地铁站大客流疏散能力进行建模和分析,从客观、主观、管理视角分析影响客流疏散能力的因素,基于改进社会力模型刻画行人行为,分析影响地铁车站疏散能力的3个关键因素,并以南宁地铁1号线朝阳广场站为背景进行研究。研究结果表明:行人密度是影响地铁站疏散能力的关键因素,出入口选择策略和行人亲属关系比例对疏散能力影响显著,研究结果可为地铁客流疏散提出针对性建议。     

复杂建筑空间人员应急疏散的无人机引导模型研究*

为提升紧急情况下复杂建筑空间中应急疏散引导的疏散效率,采用仿真模拟方法,提出1套可适用于复杂建筑空间人员应急疏散的无人机引导模型,该模型通过改进传统算法和构建新方法,实现无人机空间遍历移动规则寻优、无人机引导路径寻优以及基于“障碍物空间场域”建筑空间区域划分。研究结果表明:相较于没有无人机引导,采用单无人机和多无人机协同引导疏散,可大幅缩短整体疏散时间,有效减少疏散路径当量长度,提高疏散效率并保证路径安全,为无人机在应急救援和疏散的应用提供新思路。     

Co-Partnership in Forest Management: The Gwira-Banso Joint Forest Management Project in Ghana

The involvement of local communities, as well as the private sector and the government in forest management is now an important principle of tropical forestry policy and practice and a major component of most international forestry aid programmes. This paper present an analysis on the Joint Forest Management Project initiated by two timber companies (Ghana Primewood Products Ltd and Dalhoff Larsen & Horneman) in collaboration with local people in Gwira-Banso of Ghana. Conditions required for enhancing responsibility for and commitment to local forest management, and for an effective local participatory process were also analysed. The study began with the premise that incentives and good communication will enhance participation in joint forest management.The assumption was valid and the results from the survey showed that five broad issues prioritised by respondents to be essential for co-partnership in forest management are communication, financial support, tree planting, multiple land use and benefit sharing. The Project enjoys a great deal of support from the local community, but a number of factors make the continued support of local people a challenging task, including questions of immediate livelihood sources and tenure arrangements. Although this participatory forest management has been implemented over a relatively short period, there is evidence that government and private sectors can successfully involve local people in sustainable management of the forests.     

Ageism: A Factor in the Nutritional Vulnerability of Older People?

Unlike other population groups, the rights, needs and contributions of older people in developing countries are not well understood. With the absence of information about how to assess the nutritional status and vulnerability of older people, HelpAge International joined forces with the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine in the early 1990s to launch a research programme. Seven years later some of the basic questions can now be answered but there remains much more to do.
Although older people are increasingly acknowledged as a vulnerable group in emergencies, NGO responses often fail to meet their needs. The question is whether there are real difficulties in service adaptation or whether ageism is one of the greatest barriers to the provision of appropriate services for older people.     

荆江分洪区1998年洪水转移调查分析

对荆江分洪区１９９８年洪水期间安全转移的调查表明,叶然有分洪预案,但实际转移时仍出现了相当程度的拥挤与混乱。完善分洪转移的组织与管理,已成为分洪区居民１９９８年转移后关注的焦点,分洪区居民普遍表现出对分洪洪水情不甚了解,通过各种方式开展有关洪水的宣伟,提高区内居民的防洪意识,是荆江分洪区未来防洪减灾的重点工作之一,由于是国家为保护更重要的地区而主动分洪。对分洪区历分洪蒙受的损失给预某种形式的补偿已     

基于Revit的医院火灾人员疏散路径优化及智能诱导

为了充分保障大规模人群疏散安全目标的实现,进行Revit二次开发,构建建筑物节点状态数据智能提取系统,自动生成建筑物节点初始状态数据库,利用自适应蚁群算法,以全体待疏散人群完成安全疏散时间最短为优化目标,开发人群应急疏散路径优化及智能诱导模型.通过对有无疏散诱导情况下某医院火灾中人员完成疏散所需时间及各出口人员滞留情况...     

地铁车站客流绕行设施对突发事件下乘客疏散的影响研究

为确保紧急事件发生时的疏散安全,对绕行设施的合理设置开展系统研究。采用实地调查与仿真模拟手段结合的方式,查明广州东站综合交通枢纽多线换乘地铁车站客流绕行设施的布置情况,基于社会力模型方法,构建不同客流管控等级对应的绕行设施设置条件下地铁车站乘客疏散仿真模型,分析研究地铁车站绕行设施对于紧急情况下乘客疏散产生的影响。研究结果表明：一级客流管控绕行下设置于车站楼梯、扶梯中的绕行设施能够减少站台乘客疏散时间,相比无绕行设施时下降1.8%;二级客流管控绕行以“S”型布置于车站通道处时,客流密度最高增加2倍,疏散时间增加约30 s,以“一”字型代替“S”型进行优化,站厅与站台乘客疏散时间分别下降2%与1.6%,客流密度减少47%,“一”字型绕行设施布置于车站长通道内对于地铁站乘客疏散更为有利。     

大型体育场馆行人分区疏散优化策略研究

针对大型场所疏散出口通行能力不均衡现象,以某大型体育场馆为对象,建立Pathfinder疏散模型,通过不断改变行人出口选择,得到行人疏散分区优化模型.结果表明:通过对比优化前后疏散时间、疏散过程及疏散出口利用差异,得到疏散时间优化效率10.55％,各出口疏散时间标准差优化效率为90.78％.分区优化能够均衡各出口疏散时...     

大型购物中心人员疏散引导模拟优化研究

紧急情况下,大型公共场所人员在疏散过程中往往慌不择路,导致疏散设施使用不均、疏散路径拥堵、疏散难度加剧。针对该问题,以出口和楼梯等疏散资源得到充分利用为目标,提出疏散路径优化的基本思想,运用EVACNET4建立建筑网络疏散模型,并以某大型购物中心为实例对象,开展“无路径优化、无疏散引导”和“有路径优化、有疏散引导”2种情景下的疏散过程模拟及对比分析,通过引导疏散实现路径优化方案和疏散效率的提升。研究结果表明:有路径优化和疏散引导的方案可实现更短的疏散时间、更均衡的出口利用率。     

基于公众认知的地质遗迹保护与开发——以泰山地质公园为例

随着遗产旅游与遗产产业的兴起,以保护地质遗迹为主旨的地质公园如雨后春笋般在国内外发展起来。采取了走访、实地调查和问卷调查相结合的方式,了解公众对地质遗迹的认知状况,分析了影响地质公园相关知识认知的因素,并为地质遗迹相关知识的普及和推广提出了合理化建议,对地质遗迹的保护与开发具有重要意义。