三峡水库水位上升对香溪河流域典型滑坡的影响分析

在三峡水库蓄水后,香溪河流域众多滑坡出现变形失稳现象。白家堡滑坡、耿家坪滑坡、白马滩滑坡在蓄水后的变形特征各不相同。对库水位上升后3个滑坡的变形特征及其渗透性进行了比较研究,表明影响滑坡响应时间的主要因素是滑体的渗透性。以白家堡滑坡为例,利用摩根斯坦-普赖斯法,对不同c、值,进行75~175 m水位线的稳定性系数演算,发现各c、值不同水位线下稳定性系数曲线的变化规律有2种类型,即下降—平直型和下降—上升型,这种变化规律与浸水部位密切相关。     

喀斯特高镉地质背景区水稻镉的富集、转运特征与机理

西南喀斯特地区土壤镉(Cd)具有"高地质背景、低污染风险"特征,但超过《土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准》风险管制值的区域是否仍具有低风险性,是迫切需要回答的问题.本文在罗甸县喀斯特峰丛谷地选择一个高Cd 土壤水稻种植区,开展土壤-水稻系统Cd含量特征和土壤Cd赋存形态等方面的研究,评价水稻各部位Cd的富集、转运...     

Optimization of carbon dioxide absorption in a continuous bubble column reactor using response surface methodology

Carbon dioxide absorption using amine based solvents is a well-known approach for carbon dioxide removal. Especially with the increasing concerns about greenhouse gas emissions, there is a need for an optimization approach capable of multifactor calibration and prediction of interactions. Since conventional methods based on empirical relations are not efficiently applicable, this study investigates use of Response Surface Methodology as a strong optimization tool. A bubble column reactor was used and the effect of solvent concentration (10.0, 20.0 and 30.0 vol%), flow rate (4.0, 5.0 and 6.0 L min⁻¹), diffuser pore size (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mm) and temperature (20.0, 25.0 and 30.0°C) on the absorption capacity and also overall mass transfer coefficient was evaluated. The optimization results for maintaining maximum capacity and overall mass transfer coefficient revealed that different optimization targets led to different tuned operational factors. Overall mass transfer coefficient decreased to 34.7 min⁻¹ when the maximum capacity was the desired target. High reaction rate along with the highest absorption capacity was set as desirable two factor target in this application. As a result, a third scenario was designed to maximize both mass transfer coefficient and absorption capacity simultaneously. The optimized condition was achieved when a gas flow rate of 5.9 L min⁻¹, MEA solution of 29.6 vol%, diffuser pore size of 0.5 mm and temperature of 20.6°C was adjusted. At this condition, mass transfer coefficient reached a maximum of 38.4 min⁻¹, with a forecasted achievable absorption capacity of 120.5 g CO₂ per kg MEA.     

低渗透油田采出水回注标准探讨

我国陆上石油天然气开采行业污染物控制标准仍未发布,石油天然气开发行业建设项目环境影响评价中对采出水回注标准执行情况存在较大的争议.从国内现行的环境保护政策、采出水回注标准、采出水性质、低渗透油藏特性等方面进行剖析后,认为低渗透油藏基于岩心伤害率可接受情况和采出水处理经济技术可行性,制定油区采出水处理的水质标准,是满足油...     

膜基吸收恶臭气体H_2S的实验研究

选甲基二乙醇胺溶液为吸收剂,聚丙烯中空纤维膜作接触器,通过单因素实验研究膜基吸收恶臭气体H2S的影响因素。结果表明,吸收剂浓度对脱硫率影响明显,适当的吸收剂浓度是保证脱硫率的关键因素;进气速率增大可以提高传质系数、增强传质,但脱硫率降低;提高进气压力可以提高脱硫率,但不如吸收剂浓度影响大;吸收剂循环使用对脱硫率影响较大,应在满足出气要求的前提下,合理控制循环次数和循环比例。对含H2S347mg/m3的进气,实验得到的适宜的脱硫条件为:进气流速0.35m3/h、压力0.1MPa,吸收剂流量0.40m3/h、浓度3mol/L。在该条件下,单级膜组件脱硫率稳定在96%以上。     

地基遥感监测杭州地区气溶胶光学特性及大气环境变化

利用2006年4月—2007年4月杭州地区4个监测点 CE-318太阳分光光度计的实测数据, 精确反演了杭州地区实测日期气溶胶的光学特性,并分析了其时空分布特征.结果表明:随着大气气溶胶混浊度系数(β)的增加,波长指数(α)减小.大气气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)与β存在较好的线性相关(相关系数达0.90),且较为一致地反映了该地区春季大气污染严重,夏季相对清洁,晚秋初冬为过渡反弹期的季节变化特点;但在空间上二者又表现出不同的细节特征,主要是与气象参数和下垫面特征紧密相关.分析近地面ρ(PM₁₀)的实测数据可知, AOD与ρ(PM₁₀₎的日均值具有很好的相关性,相关系数为 0.74,明显高于二者小时均值的相关系数.      

Relationship between heavy metal concentrations of herbaceous plants and soils at four Pb-Zn mining sites in Yunnan, China

This paper studied the relationship between heavy metal concentrations of herbaceous plants and soils at four Pb-Zn mining sites in Yunnan, China. 50 herbaceous plant samples of 9 plant species from 4 families and 50 soil samples were collected and then ana1yzed for the tota1 concentrations of Pb, Cd, and Zn. The results showed that the average concentrations of Pb, Cd, and Zn in soil samples were 3772.83, 168.81, and 5385.65 mg/kg, respectively. The average concentrations of Pb, Cd, and Zn were 395.68, 28.14, and 1664.20 mg/kg in the shoots, and 924.12, 57.25, and 1778.75 mg/kg in the roots, respectively. Heterospecific plants at the same site and conspecific plants at various sites had different average levels of Pb, Cd, and Zn, both in the shoots and the roots. Enrichment coefficients of Pb, Cd, and Zn were greater than 1 in 2, 3, and 9 herbaceous plant samples, respectively. Translocation factors of Pb, Cd, and Zn were greater than 1 in 10, 17, and 25 herbaceous plant samples, respectively. In all 50 samples, the concentrations of Pb, Cd, and Zn between the shoots and the roots, the shoots, and the soils, and the roots and the soils had significant positive relationships.     

单嘧磺隆正辛醇-水分配系数的测定

本文建立了水中微量单嘧磺隆的测定方法 ,方法的平均添加回收率为 97 6%—1 0 1 93%,变异系数为 0 47%— 3 96%,单嘧磺隆的最小检出量为 2× 1 0 - 9g ,最小检出浓度为 0 0 2 μg·ml- 1 .摇瓶法对单嘧磺隆正辛醇 水分配系数的测定结果表明 ,单嘧磺隆在二次蒸馏水和pH 7 0缓冲液中的Kow分别为 3 90± 0 1 4和 2 1 9± 0 1 4 ,lgKow分别为 0 5 9± 0 0 3和 0 34± 0 0 6,在双蒸水中的测定结果与EPIWIN程序的预测结果一致     

基于KCC-PF的锂离子电池剩余使用寿命预测

目的 针对传统粒子滤波(PF)算法应用于锂电池剩余使用寿命(RUL)预测时准确性低的问题,将肯德尔秩次相关系数(KCC)引入传统PF的重采样过程,改善粒子匮乏问题,提出一种基于KCC-PF的锂电池RUL预测方法.方法 首先建立电池容量衰减模型,验证模型的准确性和有效性,并确定模型初始参数,利用KCC-PF算法循环更新模...     

采空区多孔介质空隙率与渗透特性三维空间动态分布模型*

为揭示采空区垮落后堆积体及上覆岩层空隙率与渗透率三维空间的动态分布规律,基于开采空间守恒理论,构建采空区的空隙率与渗透率三维空间动态分布模型。利用该模型,得出不同空间位置与不同开采结束时间下空隙率和渗透率分布图。结果表明:采空区垮落岩体的空隙率和渗透率在水平方向呈“凹”状分布,采空区两侧巷道附近空隙率和渗透率较大,中部较小;在垂直方向随着与底板距离的增大,空隙率和渗透率大幅度减小。该模型描述了采空区多孔介质空隙率与渗透特性三维空间分布随时间逐步压密实的过程,可为煤矿瓦斯预测与防治提供一定的借鉴和参考。