上海某地铁站黑碳浓度水平及个体暴露特征

基于对职业环境空气污染物的个体暴露风险关注,在上海某地铁站进行了ρ(黑碳)的连续定点(新风井和车辆控制室)监测;同时对地铁工作人员进行个体黑碳暴露采样,并与定点监测的ρ(黑碳)比较,探讨个体采样在黑碳暴露研究中的作用. 结果表明:某地铁站新风井处ρ(黑碳)与ρ(NO₂)呈显著相关(R=0.75,P<0.05),而与ρ(PM₁₀)无显著相关性(R=0.43,P>0.1);由ρ(黑碳)日变化及其在工作日和休息日的差异可知,地铁站内ρ(黑碳)可能与室外机动车尾气排放相关;与定点监测结果不同,个体黑碳暴露浓度波动范围大,出现了未在定点监测中观测到的极高值,并且个体黑碳暴露浓度的四分位差值(IQR)是定点监测结果的2倍;尽管车控室内平均个体黑碳暴露浓度较低,但由于个体72%的工作时间是在车控室内度过的,因此车控室的个体黑碳暴露剂量比非车控室环境高.      

个体防护装备鞋靴的受限物质研究

通过对欧盟、美国等国家和我国的相关法律法规的调查,针对受限物质的管理制度,分析了化学品管控上的要求;对比国内、外法规和标准对受限物质的限制要求,总结我国个体防护装备鞋靴标准的差异,探讨了我国个体防护装备鞋靴的化学安全性,阐述了对我国个体防护装备鞋靴标准体系及标准的看法,提出了建议。为保护作业人员的健康和安全,提高和完善我国个体防护装备标准体系,制定个体防护装备鞋靴的有害物质限制标准提供依据。     

Acute toxicity of benzophenone-type UV filters and paraben preservatives to freshwater planarian,Dugesia japonica

Fourteen benzophenone-type UV filters and four paraben preservatives were selected to examine their acute toxicities on Dugesia japonica. The 48-h LC₅₀ values for planarians exposed to benzophenone-type UV filters can be ranked as oxybenzone?>?mexenone?>?5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzophenone?> 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone?>?2-hydroxybenzophenone?>?dioxybenzone?>?benzophenone?>?2,2′,4,4′-tetrahydroxybenzophenone?>?4-hydroxybenzophenone?> 3-hydroxybenzophenone?>?4,4′-dihydroxybenzophenone?>?2,2′-dihydroxy-4,4′-dimethoxybenzophenone?>?2,3,4-trihydroxybenzophenone?>?sulisobenzone with a range from 0.9 to 145?mg?L^?1 with a similar sequence for the 96?h LC₅₀ values, ranging from 0.5 to 77?mg?L^?1. The 48 and 96?LC₅₀ values for planarians exposed to paraben preservatives can be ranked as butylparaben?>?propylparaben?>?ethylparaben?>?methylparaben. Among all the tested chemicals, oxybenzone was the most toxic and sulisobenzone the least toxic chemical to planarian at each exposure period. Most benzophenone-type UV filters are toxic to aquatic animals with 48?h LC₅₀ values less than 10 mg?L^?1, except for 2,2′-dihydroxy-4,4′-dimethoxybenzophenone, 2,3,4-trihydroxybenzophenone, and sulisobenzone. Because of their common occurrence in aquatic environment, more studies on aquatic toxicities of benzophenone-type UV filters and paraben preservativs are needed to provide important information to adequately assess their ecological risk.     

Values and willingness-to-pay for sustainability-certified mobile phones

ABSTRACT

This study investigated whether endorsement of personal values is associated with willingness to pay more for mobile phones with an environmental or social sustainability label. Participants were students in Sweden, Norway and Germany. A self-report inventory was used to measure willingness to pay and the importance attached to values of Schwartz’s circular model. In Sweden and Norway, participants were willing to pay, on average, 18% extra for a mobile phone with labels for environmental or social sustainability. In Germany, the corresponding share was 12%. To strive for self-enhancement values, that is, social status and prestige, as well as control and dominance over people and resources, was associated with a lower willingness to pay for mobile phones with labels for environmental or social sustainability in all three countries. Furthermore, women were willing to pay more than men for mobile phones with both kinds of sustainability labels. In Sweden and Norway, participants were, on average, willing to pay more for a mobile phone with a label for social sustainability compared to a mobile phone with a label for environmental sustainability.     

论金属矿山地质灾害模式识别模型

从崩塌与滑坡、泥石流、采空塌陷3个方面探讨了金属矿山地质灾害模式,运用层次分析法确定了金属矿山地质灾害模式识别指标的权重。考虑到影响金属矿山地质灾害因素的不确定性,引入SPA,并与最优化原理相结合,提出了同异反最优模式识别模型,将其与现有的最大联系测度方法应用于某金属矿山地质灾害模式识别中。实例应用表明,同异反最优模式识别模型从整体上判断金属矿山地质灾害模式,较最大联系测度方法更为科学、合理。     

护听器声衰减值的3种测试方法

关于护听器声衰减能力的评价,目前有好几种方法都有大量文献充分地论证。本文介绍了3种标准化的评价方法：真耳听阈衰减法（Real～ear attenuation at threshold,PEAT）,真耳内置麦克风（Microphone in real ear,MIRE）,和声学仿真测量装置（Acoustical test fixture,ATF）方法。讨论了评价护听器声衰减能力,这3种方法各自的优缺点和适用范围。REAT方法是评价护听器声衰减值最准确的方法之一,目前被国际标准普遍采用。     

提高军官常服皮鞋穿着与视觉舒适性探讨

本文通过军人脚型测量分析、军鞋审美取向调查分析、军鞋重量与运动性能试验分析等探讨研究,获得了脚型、式样、重量等相关数据,对于新式军鞋研究、生产和使用具有一定的参考作用。     

石化企业火灾危险性模式识别模型研究

石化企业具有易燃、易爆危险性等特点,一旦发生事故,后果相当严重.考虑到影响石化企业火灾危险性因素较多,从生产过程、储存过程、运输过程、消防设施与安全管理五个方面探讨了石化企业火灾危险性模式,运用层次分析法确定了石化企业火灾危险性模式识别指标的权重.将SPA理论与最优化原理相结合,提出了同异反最优模式识别模型,并将其与现有的最大联系测度方法应用于某石化企业危险性模式识别中.实例应用表明,同异反最优模式识别模型从整体上判断石化企业危险性模式,较最大联系测度方法更为科学、合理.     

Distribution of Pb,Cr, Cu and Zn in the marine-coastal region of Zanzibar (Tanzanian archipelago,East Africa)

In Tanzania, a large amount of domestic and industrial wastes are daily released to the aquatic environment without prior treatment. The present paper establishes the status of distribution and environmental implications of heavy metals in water, sediment, suspended particulate matter and biota (Anadara antiquata) from two marine coasts in Zanzibar, Tanzania. These metals are derived from the industrial areas through rivers and storm water outflows. Heavy metal concentrations in the collected samples were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Concentrations were significantly higher in the Malindi compared to the Fumba coast (ANOVA, p?=?.001). Calculation of metal partition coefficients shows that the relative importance of the particulate and the water phases varies in response to water parameters and suspended solid content, but that most elements achieve a conditional equilibrium in these coasts. Higher metal concentrations found in Malindi suggest a pollution effect related to anthropogenic activities. Mean metal burdens in the tissues of A. antiquata from both Malindi and Fumba coasts were significantly higher than in other compartments analysed (ANOVA, p?<.05). Maximum values of contamination factor and contamination degree for metals were noticed for sediments from both Malindi and Fumba coasts. It is imperative to understand that metal concentrations of coastal environments depend not only on industrial and household waste inputs but also on the geochemical composition of the area.     

个体防护装备创新研制探析

个体防护装备是保障从业者人身安全的重要保护装备,研制性能优异的保护装备、装具和防护用品,可保障从业人员的作业安全。如何更好的感知危险因素,预防安全事故的发生,实现从业人员快速撤离的主动式个体防护技术及装备将成为研究重点。本文提出主动式个体防护装备的创新研制需立足危险因素及作业人员这两个关键环节,实现危险因素信息与作业人员信息的实时感知、高效互通、快速预警与处置,进而实现个体防护装备从被动防护到主动防护的深刻变革。