改性土壤对模拟含硝基苯废水的吸附

研究了季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂四甲基铵离子（TMA）和十六烷基三甲基铵离子（HDTMA）改性的土壤（黑土、黄棕壤、红壤）对水中硝基苯的吸附作用。结果表明：改性土壤和改性土壤均能吸附水中的硝基苯。但改性土壤对水中硝基苯的吸附能力明显高于未改性土壤。改必土壤吸附硝基苯能力的顺序为1CEC－HDTMA黑土＞1CEC－HDTMA黄棕壤＞0．7 CEC－HDTMA黄棕壤＞1 CEC－HDTMA红壤＞0．7 CEC－HDTMA红壤＞1 CEC－TMA黄棕壤＞1 CEC－TMA红壤。未改性土壤和HDTMA改性土壤对硝基苯的吸附通过分配来进行，吸附等温线可用Henry方程表示，其lgKSOM为2．27，lgKHDTMA为2．87。     

长江中下游浅水湖泊沉积物磷释放动力学

在室内模拟条件下,通过沉积物磷释放动力学实验,研究了长江中下游浅水湖泊13个沉积物的磷释放动力学特征,并分析了沉积物组成特征对磷释放动力学的影响,结果表明:(1)指数动力学模型可以很好地拟合长江中下游浅水湖泊沉积物磷释放动力学特征,前20h为快反应,磷释放速度较大,随后进入慢反应,逐渐达到最大释放量;(2)沉积物磷释放动力学特征与其组成有关,其中与总氮、总磷和有机质含量呈显著正相关,与沙粒含量呈显著负相关,而与粘粒含量没有达到显著水平,与Olsen-P(0.5mol·L-1NaHCO3,pH8.5提取的磷)和易解吸态磷(RDP)含量达极显著正相关水平;(3)可以根据总磷和有效磷含量来比较和预测湖泊沉积物磷释放动力学特征,且根据有效磷含量可以得到比根据总磷含量更可靠的结果。研究成果可为系统揭示浅水湖泊富营养化发生机制提供依据。     

几种粘土矿物和粘土对溶液中磷的吸附效果

通过磷等温吸附与饱和吸附后释放试验,研究了高岭土、蒙脱土、凹凸棒土、蛭石和沸石对溶液中磷的吸附效果及其影响因素。结果表明,蛭石磷理论饱和吸附量最大,为3473mg·kg-1,其他依次为凹凸棒土、黄褐土、蒙脱土、下蜀黄土和沸石,高岭土磷理论饱和吸附量最低,为554mg·kg-1。影响粘土矿物和粘土磷理论饱和吸附量的主要因素是钙含量和胶体氧化铁及氧化铝的含量,pH值、阳离子交换量和比表面对磷理论饱和吸附量影响不大,粘土矿物和粘土吸附磷的机制主要为化学吸附。粘土矿物和粘土磷饱和吸附后释放试验表明其磷释放量很低。     

表面活性剂对柴油在土壤中吸附的影响

通过静态吸附实验,研究土壤对十二烷基苯磺酸钠(LAS)和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)的吸附行为,探讨表面活性剂对柴油吸附的影响.结果表明,土壤对LAS和CTAB的吸附等温线均为非线性,其吸附能力的大小顺序为:轻壤土>轻粘土>中壤土>砂壤土>重壤土>紧砂土.同一土壤中,CTAB的吸附量大于LAS的吸附量.LAS和CTAB均利于柴油在土壤表面的解吸,且LAS的解吸效果更好.柴油的吸附量随LAS浓度的升高而降低.当CTAB的浓度小于临界胶束浓度CMC时,吸附量随CTAB浓度的升高而升高,当CTAB的浓度等于或大于临界胶束浓度(CMC)时,吸附量随CTAB浓度的升高而降低.     

生物吸附剂-海黍子吸附镍

采用生物吸附剂-海黍子对重金属镍离子进行吸附，做了动力学实验，得到了海黍子吸附镍的动力学方程。研究了溶液的pH值，初始Ni^2 浓度等因素对Ni^2 的吸附特性的影响，得到最佳pH值4～6及最大吸附量0．8283mmo1／g，并用Langmuir和Freundlich方程对吸附等温线进行了拟合，用Langmuir方程拟合相关系数R^2达0．999以上。     

麦饭石对Pb2+离子吸附的动力学研究

本文研究了水溶液中麦饭石对Ｐｂ＾２＋离子去除的反应动力学,考察了ＭＦＳ粒度、溶液ＰＨ值和铅离子的初始浓度对吸附反应的影响。结果表明,ＭＦＳ对Ｐｂ＾２离子具有较强的吸附性能,ＰＨ值是影响吸附的主要因素,Ｐｂ＾２＋离子吸附的最初速率与浓度符合一级反应动力学;吸附过程符合Ｌａｎｇｍｕｉｒ吸附等温式;离子交换和表面络合反应是主要吸附形式。     

Assessment of Contamination By Percolation Of Septic Tank Effluent Through Natural and Amended Soils

Fly ash has been found to be a potential material for the treatment of municipal and industrial wastewater, and may be useful in the treatment of septic tank effluent. Laboratory columns (30 cm) were used to determine the sorption capacity and hydraulic properties of lagoon fly ash, loamy sand, sand, and sand amended by lagoon fly ash (30 and 60%) and red mud gypsum (20%). The removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) was high in all column effluents (71–93%). Extent of nitrification was high in Spearwood sand, Merribrook loamy sand and 20% red mud gypsum amended Spearwood sand. However, actual removal of nitrogen (N) was high in columns containing lagoon fly ash. Unamended Spearwood sand possessed only minimal capacity for P sorption. Merribrook loamy sand and red mud gypsum amended sand affected complete P removal throughout the study period of 12 weeks. Significant P leakage occurred from lagoon fly ash amended sand columns following 6–10 weeks of operation. Neither lagoon fly ash nor red mud gypsum caused any studied heavy metal contamination including manganese (Mn), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd) and chromium (Cr) of effluent. It can be concluded that Merribrook loamy sand is better natural soil than Spearwood sand as a filter medium. The addition of lagoon fly ash enhanced the removal of P in Spearwood sand but the efficiency was lower than with red mud gypsum amendment.     

久效磷在海洋沉积物上的吸附行为

研究了久效磷在海洋沉积物上的吸附行为，发现其吸附行为主要受沉积物有机质的影响，沉积物有机质的分配作用对久效磷的吸附起主要作用，在实验浓度范围内，吸附行为很好地服从线性吸附等温式，因而其吸附行为较为简单，海水的离子强度对其吸附行为影响很大，海水中分配系数明显高于淡水，温度对其吸附行为也起一定的作用，分配系数随着温度的升高略微减小。     

茜素络合剂-微分吸附计时电位法测定高含铁量土壤中铝形态

研究了茜素络合剂-微分吸附计时电位法(AC-ASV)测定土壤溶液中铝形态的最佳条件,着重探讨了共存离子,特别是土壤溶液中的无机离子和有机阴离子对测定铝的影响,建立了测定土壤溶液中铝形态方法。用该法可测定总反应性铝、总单核铝[Ala]和稳定性单核铝[Ali],由总反应性铝减去总单核铝求得酸溶性铝[Als],由总单核铝[Ala]减去稳定单核铝求得不稳定单核铝[Alo],与标准的Driscoll方法(阳离子树脂交换分离-8-羟基喹啉-原子吸收法)进行了比较。结果表明:茜素络合剂(AC)-微分吸附计时电位法灵敏度较高,铁的干扰较少。该法适合于测定含铁量比较高的土壤溶液中的铝形态。     

Thermodynamics of tetracycline adsorption on silica

The adsorption of antibiotic tetracycline onto silica particles was investigated. The effects of pH, electrolyte concentration and temperature on the adsorption equilibrium were examined and the data correlated with a dual site adsorption model. Adsorption of tetracycline onto approximately 9% of the adsorption sites was found to be irreversible, whereas the rest exhibited Langmuir behaviour. Increasing pH of the solution had a strong negative effect on the adsorbed amounts. Adsorption decreased also with increasing ionic strength and temperature. The enthalpy and entropy of adsorption were found to be approximately −16 and −25 J/mol, respectively.