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51.
文章采用田间小区试验研究了有机-无机复混肥对番茄产量和品质的影响。结果表明:施用有机-无机复混肥显著促进番茄植株生长,改善番茄品质。芋头秸秆堆肥、玉米秸秆堆肥处理的番茄株分别比传统施肥处理高5.43%和4.10%,茎粗分别比传统施肥处理高10.04%和10.93%,花朵数分别比传统施肥处理多6.98%、6.40%,分别比对照增产13.73%、13.35%。两种复混肥处理下番茄果实Vc含量分别比传统施肥处理多19.35%、18.83%。综合考虑研究区的实际情况,牛粪:芋头秸=2:1堆肥后制成有机-无机复混肥具有优良的肥料品质,建议推广应用于生产中。 相似文献
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Non-point source (NPS) pollution has been increasingly serious in China since the 1990s. The increases of agricultural NPS pollution in China is evaluated for the period 2000-2008 by surveying the literature on water and soil pollution from fertilizers and pesticides, and assessing the surplus nitrogen balance within provinces. The main causes for NPS pollution were excessive inputs of nitrogen fertilizer and pesticides, which were partly the result of the inadequate agricultural extension services and the rapid expansion of intensive livestock production with little of waste management. The annual application of synthetic nitrogen fertilizers and pesticides in China increased by 50.7 and 119.7%, respectively, during 1991-2008. The mitigation measures to reduce NPS pollution include: correct distortion in fertilizer prices; improve incentives for the recycling of organic manure; provide farmers with better information on the sound use of agro-chemicals; and tighten the regulations and national standards on organic waste disposal and pesticides use. 相似文献
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Arun Kumar Rath B. Ramakrishnan N. Sethunathan 《Agriculture, ecosystems & environment》2002,90(3):319-325
Agricultural sources of atmospheric methane include flooded rice (Oryza sativa L.) paddies. However, certain soil nutrient management and cultural practices offer opportunities to reduce methane emissions. The effect of application of ammonium thiosulphate, a potential source of nitrogen and sulphur and also an inhibitor of nitrification and urease on methane production and emission from flooded alluvial (Typic Haplaquept) rice soil in India, was examined. Methane production and emission from control and urea-amended soil samples were almost identical. Application of ammonium thiosulphate to laboratory-incubated flooded soil (30 and 60 μg N g−1 soil) and flooded rice fields (45.6 and 60 kg N ha−1) effected a distinct inhibition of methane production and emission. Ammonium thiosulphate stimulated the population of sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB) to a greater extent at 60 μg N g−1 soil than at 30 μg N g−1 soil. In ammonium thiosulphate-applied rice field plots, mean methane efflux decreased by about 38 and 60% at 45.6 and 60 kg N ha−1, respectively, over that of control. Inhibition of methane production by ammonium thiosulphate is, at least in part, due to the stimulation of SRB. Results suggest the mitigation potential of ammonium thiosulphate on methane emission from flooded rice paddies. 相似文献
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长期定位施肥对土壤磷、钾素动态变化的影响 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
23年定位施肥试验的结果表明,不施肥和单施氮肥的土壤,其有效磷质量分数迅速下降,前3年比播前降低约50%,自第7年开始比播前降低2/3左右,降至4-5μg/g之后处于稳定状态。土壤全磷质量分数始终保持在0.40-0.50g/kg的水平,有机磷略有增加。施有机肥以及有机肥与氮肥配施的土壤,其有效磷和有机磷质量分数增加显著。单施氮肥的土壤,其速效钾、缓效钾质量分数均降低,全钾质量分数变化不明显。在每年每公顷单施含钾150.0kg、300.0kg的有机肥或与138kg、276kg氮素配施的土壤中,以单施含钾300.0kg的有机肥的土壤的钾素盈余量最多,并随配施氮量的增加而盈余量减少。试验23年后的土壤,其钾素盈余量与土壤速效钾、缓效钾质量分数均有极显著的相关性,而与全钾质量分数的相关性小大。 相似文献
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The all-season vegetable known as waterleaf (Talinum triangulare) is extensively grown in Nigeria's metropolistan market gardens. This paper examines the soil compositions of some of the cultivation areas for this crop to determine the impacts of its very intensive repetitive cultivation. In general, the regular application of organic manures and mineral fertilizers has maintained the fertility status of the market garden soils. Multiple regression analysis indicated that base saturation, available phosphorus and organic matter were the most significant determinants to variations in crop production. 相似文献
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本文对广东使用化肥88年(1905—1992)的历史及现状、肥效演变和存在问题等作了简要的回顾,并提出了有关建议。我省各种作物产量的不断增长与化肥用量的不断增加及其合理施用密切相关。如何利用好化肥仍是农业科技工作者今后的一种职责。 相似文献
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无机-有机混合改良剂对酸性重金属复合污染土壤的修复效应 总被引:11,自引:1,他引:10
本研究首先通过土壤培养实验,研究了在"石灰+沸石"的基础上,配施不同无机磷、不同有机物对酸性重金属复合污染土壤的改良效果,从中筛选4个最佳改良剂配方,并设置两种改良剂浓度梯度,以空心菜为供试植物进行盆栽实验.土壤培养实验显示,在施加"石灰+沸石"的基础上,配施有机肥或(和)无机磷能够进一步提高土壤pH,降低土壤重金属Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn的有效态含量;蘑菇渣和猪粪对土壤中4种重金属的固化效果优于鸡粪,钙镁磷肥的效果优于羟基磷灰石和磷矿粉.盆栽实验发现,8种处理均显著增加了土壤pH和降低了Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn的有效态含量,其中,处理H1、H2、H4(即在4 g·kg~(-1)沸石+2 g·kg~(-1)石灰石+3 g·kg~(-1)钙镁磷肥(磷矿粉)基础上,配施4 g·kg~(-1)有机物(猪粪或蘑菇渣))改良土壤后,空心菜生长健康,其地上部Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn含量均可达到食品卫生标准.比较土壤中重金属的化学形态,改良剂可能通过增加土壤pH及与重金属发生沉吸、附淀、络合等一系列反应,促进重金属由可交换态向铁锰氧化物结合态转换,从而显著降低了土壤重金属的生物有效性和减少空心菜对重金属的吸收. 相似文献