In_2TiO_5纳米带的静电纺丝法制备及光催化性能

以酞酸丁酯(Ti(OC_4H_9)_4)、硝酸铟(In(NO3)3)和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP-K30)为原料,采用静电纺丝技术制备了In_2TiO_5纳米带.利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-vis DRS)和氮气吸附-脱附等温线(BET)等技术对样品进行了表征.考察了In_2TiO_5纳米带在光催化降解罗丹明B(RhB)、甲基橙(MO)、亚甲基蓝(MB)和左氧氟沙星(LEV)过程中的应用性能,研究了不同离子型物质、溶液的pH和MB起始浓度对In_2TiO_5纳米带光催化活性的影响.结果表明:In_2TiO_5纳米带具有正交晶系结构,禁带宽度为3.47 eV,比表面积为20.71 m~2·g~(-1),可应用于4种不同离子型物质的光催化降解,发现光催化效果与被降解物质的表面带电性质有关.在紫外光照射下,90 min,对MB的降解率达98.1%,其降解过程服从一级动力学模型.     

载钛活性炭纤维的制备及其对水中罗丹明B的光催化降解

通过溶胶凝胶法制备载钛活性炭纤维(TiO2-ACF)复合材料,采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、紫外-可见吸收(UV-Vis)、傅里叶红外分光光度计(FT-IR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对TiO2-ACF进行了表征,并研究了TiO2-ACF对水中罗丹明B的光催化性能.结果表明,煅烧温度为400—600℃时,负载在ACF上的TiO2为锐钛矿型,当煅烧温度上升到700℃时,TiO2开始出现金红石型,600℃时煅烧制备的TiO2-ACF对水中罗丹明B的降解效果最佳;TiO2-ACF对罗丹明B的吸附能力比ACF低;但是在紫外光条件下,60 min后TiO2-ACF对罗丹明B的降解率比ACF、TiO2对罗丹明B的降解率分别高8.6%和16.2%,TiO2-ACF表现出较高的光催化活性.     

掺杂过渡金属的TiO2/累托石复合材料的制备及其光催化性能研究

以累托石为载体,钛酸四丁酯和硝酸铜为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备出了掺杂过渡金属铜的TiO2/累托石复合光催化材料,并对其进行了X射线衍射(XRD)和红外光谱(FT-IR)的表征.同时考察了复合材料在紫外光照下对对氯苯酚的光催化活性,研究了铜掺杂量和煅烧温度等因素对复合材料光催化活性的影响,探讨了过渡金属掺杂改性TiO2的机理及对氯苯酚的光催化降解机理.实验结果表明:在制备复合材料的过程中,累托石的层状结构遭到一定程度的破坏;复合材料中的TiO2主要是以大部分的锐钛矿型和小部分的金红石型的混合形态存在;负载累托石后复合材料的吸附性能明显增加,掺杂铜的TiO2/累托石复合材料的光催化活性要高于未掺杂铜的TiO2/累托石复合材料,并且当掺铜量为0.5%(质量分数),煅烧温度为500℃时,复合材料对对氯苯酚的光催化去除率达到最大;苯醌类物质可能是对氯苯酚光降解的中间产物.     

Photocatalytic removal of NO and NO2 using titania nanotubes synthesized by hydrothermal method

In this study, the photocatalysts of titania nanotubes(TNTs) were synthesized at different calcination temperatures using commercial Degussa TiO2(P25) as a precursor. The materials were then characterized by BET, SEM, TEM, and XRD analyses. The photocatalytic reactions with NO and NO2 under UV-A irradiation were both performed. The results showed that the photocatalytic reaction rate of NO was much faster than that of NO2, and the conversion of NO2 to nitrate was the rate-limiting step for photocatalytic removal of NOx if the nitrate produced cannot be removed continuously from the photocatalyst surface. For TNTs calcined at different temperatures, a significant enhancement was observed on the total NOx removal efficiency by TNT calcined at 500°C for both NO and NO2 photocatalytic reaction, which could be attributed to its high anatase crystallinity as well as high surface area. These two factors affect primarily on the NO2conversion step in which the high anatase crystallinity could be responsible for the high efficiency at the beginning, while the high surface area could be accounted for retaining this high efficiency from nitric acid poisoning during the test period.     

Biogenic C-doped titania templated by cyanobacteria for visible-light photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B

Cyanobacteria, which occurred in eutrophic water harvest solar light to carry out photosynthesis with high efficiency. In this work, cyanobacteria （Microcystis sp.） were used as biotemplate to synthesize titania structure. The synthesized titania sample had similar morphology to that of the original template in spite of the fragile unicellular structures and extremely high water content of cyanobacterial cells. Incorporation of biogenic C, as well as the morphology inherited from biotemplate improved visible- light absorbance of the titania structure. The sample exhibited higher visible-light photocatalytic activity than commercial titania photocatalyst Degussa P25 for Rhodamine B （RhB） degradation. Compared with those C-doped titania photocatalysts prepared by other methods, cyanobacteria templated titania photocatalyst offer some potential for competitive advantages. The reported strategy opened up a new use for the cyanobacteria. It could also be used for titania in applications such as treatment of polluted water, dye-sensitized solar cells, or other regions.     

硼掺杂CeO2/TiO2光催化剂的制备及其活性研究

在三氯化钛和钛酸丁酯水解过程中引入硼酸、硝酸铈,制备了具有可见光活性的硼(B)掺杂CeO₂/TiO₂复合氧化物光催化剂,采用XRD、DRS、XPS等手段进行表征,以偶氮染料酸性红B为模型污染物评估了催化活性.结果表明,硝酸铈加入量影响催化剂的吸收带边,随用量增加,吸收带边红移至481nm(Ce/Ti=1.0,摩尔比),继续增加用量,吸收带边轻微蓝移.催化剂晶相组成与焙烧温度有关,500℃时焙烧样品主要由立方晶型CeO₂和锐钛矿TiO₂组成,焙烧温度高于700℃时,TiO₂转化为金红石型,CeO₂则无显著变化.随焙烧温度升高,催化剂吸收带边明显蓝移,综合考虑催化剂稳定性和太阳能利用,认为500℃焙烧较为合适.B1s XPS显示仅有少量B原子进入复合氧化物晶格取代了氧原子,主要以B₂O₃形式存在.酸性红B降解试验显示B掺杂CeO₂/TiO₂可以提高TiO₂的催化活性,紫外光辐射10min最高可使96.0%的酸性红B分解,且反应彻底,表现出较强的氧化能力,但Ce/Ti>0.5(摩尔比)时催化活性显著下降.     

Photocatalytic Treatment of RDX Wastewater with Nano-Sized Titanium Dioxide (5 pp)

Background, Aim and Scope The polynitramines, hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX), are important military explosives and regulated toxic hazardous compounds. Production, testing and use of the compounds has resulted in numerous acres of contaminated soils and groundwater near many munitions facilities. Economical and efficient methods for treatment of wastewater and cleanup of soils or groundwater containing RDX and HMX are needed. This study focuses on the photocatalytic treatment of RDX wastewater with nano-sized titanium dioxide (nano-TiO2) under simulated sunlight, whose intensity and wavelength are similar to that of the real sunlight in Xi'an at noon. The objective is to determine the potential for RDX destruction with nano-TiO2 in aqueous solution. Materials and Methods: An activated carbon fiber (ACF) cloth-loaded with nano-TiO2 was put into the RDX containing solution, and the concentration of RDX was measured (by HPLC–UV) at regular time intervals under simulated sunlight. Results: The RDX degradation percentage of the photocatalytic process is higher than that of Fenton oxidation before 80 min, equivalent after 80 min, and it reaches 95% or above after 120 min. The nano-TiO2 catalyst can be used repeatedly. Discussion: The photocatalytic degradation kinetics of RDX under simulated sunlight can be described by a first-order reaction kinetics equation. The possible degradation mechanism of RDX was presented and the degradation performance was compared with that of biological method. Conclusions: It was demonstrated that the degradation of RDX wastewater is very effective with nano-TiO2 as the photocatalytic catalyst under simulated sunlight. The efficiency of the nano-TiO2 catalyst for RDX degradation under simulated sunlight is nearly identical to that of Fenton oxidation. Recommendations and Perspectives: To date, a number of catalysts show poor absorption and utilization of sunlight, and still need ultraviolet light irradiation during wastewater degradation. The nano-TiO2 used in the described experiments features very good degradation of RDX under simulated sunlight, and the manufacturing costs are rather low (around 10 Euro/m2). Moreover, the degradation efficiency is higher compared to that of the biological method. This method exhibits great potential for practical applications owing to its easiness and low cost. If it can be applied extensively, the efficiency of wastewater treatment will be enhanced greatly.     

TiO2紫外光催化技术现状及展望

TiO2紫外光催化作为一种新兴的高级氧化技术，对难降解有机污染物具有普适、高效等特点，使其在环境污染治理中具有广阔的应用前景。针对TiO2紫外光催化技术中催化剂负载、反应器设计等几个重要问题进行了简要概述。     

纳米TiO2光催化技术在废水处理中问题的探讨

光催化技术是一种新型的高效废水处理技术,但目前还处于实验研究阶段.详细地论述了目前纳米TiO2光催化技术在废水处理领域存在的一些问题,并提出一些建议和今后的研究方向.     

阳离子艳红染料的光催化降解

本文研究了以沉淀法制备的TiO2为催化剂，紫外杀菌灯为光源，对阳离子艳红染料进行光催化降解的可行性，结果表明，在实验条件下，本系统对阳离子艳红染料有明显的降解效果，浓度为10mg/L的阳离子艳红染料经过30min的处理，其降解率＞88％，此外，还探讨了溶液初始pH值，催化剂的投加量，光照距离和液层高度等因素对光降解反应的影响。