环境污染物快速检测技术的国内外研究进展

介绍了环境污染物的分类与危害,基于目前国内外不同类型污染物快速检测技术的研究进展,综述了包括离子传感器、气体传感器和生物传感器等在内的化学传感器选择性强、成本低廉、可检测痕量污染物的优势,以及便携式检测设备节省时间、避免样品采集、应用领域广泛的特点,并提出了污染物快速检测技术的未来发展方向。     

Highly sensitive and selective determination of malathion in vegetable extracts by an electrochemical sensor based on Cu-metal organic framework

Abstract

This article demonstrates the first application of a copper-based porous coordination polymer (BTCA-P-Cu-CP) as a carbon paste electrode (CPE) modifier for the detection of malathion. The electrochemical behavior of BTCA-P-Cu-CP/CPE was explored using cyclic voltammetry (CV) while chrono-amperometry methods were applied for the analytical evaluation of the sensor performance. Under optimized conditions, the developed sensor exhibited high reproducibility, stability, and wide dynamic range (0.6–24?nM) with the limits of detection and sensitivity equal to 0.17?nM and 5.7 µAnMcm^?1, respectively, based on inhibition signal measurement. Furthermore, the presence of common coexisting interfering species showed a minor change in signals (<4.4%). The developed sensor has been applied in the determination of malathion in spiked vegetable extracts. It exhibited promising results in term of fast and sensitive determination of malathion in real samples at trace level with recoveries of 91.0 to 104.4%. (RSDs < 5%, n?=?3). A comparison of the two studied techniques showed that the HPLC technique is unable to detect malathion when the concentration is lower than 1.8?µM while 0.006 µM is detected with appropriate RSDs 0.2–5.2% (n?=?3) by amperometric method. Due to the high sensitivity and selectivity, this new electrochemical sensor will be useful for monitoring trace malathion in real samples.     

YSI 6600传感器在太湖蓝藻预警工作中的应用

通过对太湖饮用水源地2个取水口水体中的蓝藻密度(CBD)和叶绿素(Chl)分别进行 YSI 6600-v2水质多参数仪和实验室显微镜检分析,探讨了CBD和Chl在预警工作中的应用.结果表明,在CBD与Chl相关性显著时期内,藻类群落结构相对稳定;CBD和Chl相关性不显著时期内,藻类群落结构变化较大.ρ(CBD)/ρ(...     

岩石变形破裂过程中电荷感应信号的检测

设计了采用非接触方式、高放大倍数、高效率的电荷传感器,并给出了电荷传感器的设计原理和技术指标。利用研制的电荷传感器对岩石变形破裂过程中产生的电荷感应信号进行了检测试验。结果表明,岩石在变形破裂过程中会产生电荷感应信号,并能够被研制的电荷传感器检测到;电荷感应信号是瞬时脉冲的;随着加载应力水平的增加,电荷感应信号强度增强,在峰值应力前,电荷感应信号强度达到最大值;在破裂面接收到的电荷感应信号较强,主破裂面接收到的信号最强,因而电荷的产生和岩石的破裂有很大的关系。作为正在探索的检测岩石破坏过程的手段之一,电荷感应方法应是一种很具潜力的方法,值得深入研究。     

微生物传感器快速测定水中BOD

采用220B型BOD快速测定仪,对标准样品、地表水、生活污水、工业废水中的BOD进行测定,与五日生化培养法进行了比对分析.结果表明：该方法检出限为0.032mg/L;加标回收率在85%～117%之间;相对误差＜6%,相对标准差＜9%,有较高的精密度、准确度;测定地表水、生活污水与五日生化培养法有较好的可比性,测定工业废水存在一定的局限.同时还阐述了微生物传感器快速测定法测定BOD与五日生化培养法,并对其优缺点做了分析比较.     

绿僵菌钙传感蛋白基因克隆及其与致病性的关系

通过筛选文库获得绿僵菌钙传感蛋白基因MaNcs1基因全长cDNA序列,并对其在致病过程中的作用进行了分析.结果显示,MaNcs1基因cDNA全长792 bp,开放阅读框为573 bp,编码190个氨基酸;采用RNA干扰技术下调该基因的表达后,对东亚飞蝗的生测实验表明,绿僵菌毒力显著下降,说明该基因与绿僵菌的致病性有关,为以后深入研究该基因的致病机制奠定了基础.     

弹载光电系统储存可靠性的相似性分析

目的探索弹载光电系统储存可靠性相似性分析的一般方法。方法运用相似理论,从储存可靠性的影响因素入手确定相似元,给予相似倍数合理赋值,对权重值进行平权处理,得出系统间的相似度。结果B,C,D系统与A系统的相似度分别为97．71％,74．17％,69．17％,有效地解决了相似度计算复杂的问题。结论越是新型弹载光电系统之间储存可靠性相似度越高。     

Fe2O3纳米棒的制备及其H2S气敏性能研究

为快速检测H2S泄漏,以一步水热法制备的Fe2O3纳米棒为基础,制备了H2S气体传感器。研究表明,该传感器在300℃工作温度下对10μmol/mol的H2S的灵敏度为2左右,响应时间为12s左右,恢复时间约4s。而且该传感器具有优异的稳定性和选择性,对CH4、CO等多种气体响应较差,适合用于长时间快速检测H2S气体的泄漏。     

基于车用氮氧化物传感器的工程机械NOx排放因子测量方法研究

为了能够低成本地获得包括工程机械在内的非道路移动机械的NO_x排放因子,基于目前广泛使用的车用氮氧化物传感器开展了NO_x排放因子的测量系统搭建和计算模型研究.基于柴油机尾气O_2浓度、NO_x浓度、环境温湿度和燃料特性等参数建立了非道路移动机械单位油耗NO_x排放因子计算模型.为了验证测量系统与计算模型,开展了4台工程机械的实际道路验证试验,并选取其中一台开展了基于车载排放测试系统(PEMS)的NO_x排放比对试验.比对和实测试验结果表明建立的NO_x排放因子测量方法具有较低的相对误差和稳定性,与车载排放测量系统的测量结果相比具有很好的相关性.被测2台挖掘机和1台推土机、1台压路机的平均单位油耗NO_x排放因子分别为(22.8±4.0)、(35.8±16.0)和(55.0±18.0)、(68.8±13.0) g·kg~(-1).基于车用氮氧化物传感器的NO_x排放因子测量结果与目前国内外已有研究的NO_x排放因子测量结果接近.     

Pressure Sensitive Mats as Safety Devices in Danger Zones

Developing prototypes of pressure sensitive mats and testing their practical application were the aims of this study. Two contact plate mats were designed and constructed: rubber-rubber (R) and metal-metal (M). A recipe for rubber mixes and the production technology were prepared. Two laboratory test stands for measuring the actuating force, response time, static pressure resistance, and the durability of the mats were constructed. Computer software was written to control the operation of those test stands. Methods of testing pressure sensitive mats were based on PrDIN 31 006 (Deutsches Institut fur Normung [DIN], 1990) and EN 1760–1 (Comite Europeen de Normalisation [CEN], 1997). Both prototypes of contact plate mats were tested under laboratory and industrial conditions.

The test results proved that the design was correct, the setup requirements were fulfilled, and the mats were efficient and reliable in the industrial environment.