印染废水污染物在曝气生物滤池中的沿程去除规律

主要研究了曝气生物滤池（BAF）对印染废水中污染物的沿程去除规律。研究表明：BAF对印染废水污染物的去除沿高程有着不同的变化规律：在BAF总高度为300 cm,填料层高度为200 cm,气水比3∶1,停留时间11.8 h,的情况下, BAF对COD的去除主要集中在<160 cm的填料层部分,在总的去除率为63.1%时,此区域去除率可达56.60%;对NH3N的去除主要集中在填料层100～160 cm段,在总NH₃-N去除率为85.09%时,此区域NH₃-N去除率达38.28%。BAF对浊度的去除主要集中在填料层小于100 cm的部分,在总去除率为94.04%,区域去除率达到61.90%。印染废水经过BAF的前100 cm填料层后,pH值由10降至7.6后基本维持不变。     

制备方法对铁钛复合氧化物磷吸附性能的影响:共沉淀法与机械物理混合法

为了研究制备方法对金属复合氧化物表面性质与吸附性能的影响,本文分别采用共沉淀法与机械物理混合法制备了铁钛复合氧化物CFe-Ti与MFe-Ti.采用SEM、BET、XRD与FTIR等表征技术,研究了两种铁钛复合氧化物CFe-Ti与MFe-Ti的形貌结构、比表面积、表面羟基浓度等表面特性;通过批式吸附实验,考察了其磷吸附性能.结果表明,与纯的氧化物Fe OOH及TiO_2相比,共沉淀法制备的CFe-Ti纳米颗粒更疏松,孔结构更发达,表面羟基浓度更高,CFe-Ti的最大磷吸附容量达40.6mg·g~(-1),高于纯Fe OOH(27.2 mg·g~(-1))与TiO_2(16.7 mg·g~(-1)),分别为其1.5倍和2.4倍,展示了显著的协同效应.而MFe-Ti的形貌结构和表面性质与Fe OOH及TiO_2相比变化不大,其磷最大吸附容量为22.7 mg·g~(-1),不仅明显低于CFe-Ti,且低于纯Fe OOH,表明未产生协同效应.研究也表明,磷在CFe-Ti与MFe-Ti表面的吸附性质未发生变化,均通过形成内层表面络合物而发生了化学吸附.因此,金属复合氧化物的表面性质和吸附性能与其制备方法密切相关,与机械物理混合法相比,共沉淀法是一种更为简单经济制备高效能铁钛复合氧化物磷吸附剂的方法.     

中国高等环保人才需求预测

通过我国社会、经济发展对环境保护要求的分析，用时序分析等数学方法，预测目标年各类高等环保人才的拥有量、需补充量及其专业结构．对于预测的结果作了补充说明     

基于SARIMA模型的黑龙江省冰雪旅游国际需求预测

选取黑龙江省1990-2011年冰雪旅游入境人次的月度时间序列为研究样本,建立SARIMA模型对黑龙江省冰雪旅游国际需求进行分析预测。结果表明,SARIMA（4,1,4）（1,1,1）。模型的拟合度和短期预测效果都较好。通过应用SARIMA模型进行冰雪旅游预测,以期对黑龙江省旅游企业的冰雪旅游国际客源市场开发及政府部门制定冰雪旅游发展战略和政策调整提供重要的理论依据。     

Temporal and Spatial Variability of Water Supply Stress in the Haihe River Basin,Northern China1

Ji, Yuhe, Liding Chen, and Ranhao Sun, 2012. Temporal and Spatial Variability of Water Supply Stress in the Haihe River Basin, Northern China. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 48(5): 999‐1007. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2012.00671.x Abstract: Water resources are becoming increasingly stressed under the influence of climate change and population growth in the Haihe River Basin, Northern China. Assessing the temporal and spatial variability of water supply stress is urgently needed to mitigate water crisis caused by water resource reallocation. Water supply and use data were compiled for the time period of 1998‐2003 in this synthesis study. The Water Supply Stress Index (WSSI) as defined as Water Demand/Water Supply was used to quantitate whether water supply could meet the demand of human activities across the study region. We found a large spatial gradient of water supply stress in the study region, being much higher in the eastern subbasins (ranging from 2.56 to 4.31) than the west subbasins (ranging from 0.56 to 1.92). The eastern plain region not only suffered more serious water supply stress but also had a much higher interannual variability than the western hilly region. The uneven spatial distribution of water supply stress might result from the distribution of land use, population, and climate. Future climate change and rapid economic development are likely to aggravate the existing water crisis in the study region.     

浅谈氨氮废水处理技术

介绍了氨氮废水的来源和危害,以及主要的氨氮废水处理技术。     

氨/硫铵法烟气脱硫技术特点及市场前景分析

通过对我国二氧化硫污染现状及控制要求的分析,提出了氨/硫铵法作为一种资源回收型脱硫方法,具有反应速度快、工艺流程简单、吸收剂利用率高、适用范围广及可实现资源回收利用的特点;以工程案例的形式分析了氨/硫铵法的技术经济指标,并对氨/硫铵法的应用前景和市场需求进行了预测。     

基于生态系统服务供需的雄安新区生态安全格局构建

生态安全格局构建是保障区域生态安全的关键。沿用“源地识别—阻力面构建—廊道提取”的生态安全格局构建模式,选取粮食供给、产水量、土壤保持、固碳释氧和生境维持5项生态系统服务供给指标,以及人口密度、地均GDP和土地利用程度3项生态系统服务需求指标,综合生态系统服务供需2方面识别重要生态源地,利用夜间灯光强度进行基本阻力面修正,采用最小累积阻力模型进行生态廊道提取,构建出雄安新区生态安全格局。研究表明:新区生态源地总面积约48433 km2,占新区土地总面积的313%,主要分布于新区西北部旱地和东南部水域;新区生态阻力系数空间分布较为破碎,大部分区域阻力值较低,间或分布高阻力值;新区生态廊道总长度18586 km,呈“Y”字型沿建设用地和水系分布,所处地类主要为旱地。基于生态系统服务供需的生态安全格局构建可为新区规划建设提供参考和借鉴。     

HRT对固定床厌氧反应器运行效果的影响

为了考察水力停留时间(HRT)对炭纤维载体固定床厌氧反应器运行效果的影响,在进水COD分别为20 000~25 000 mg/L和40 000~45 000 mg/L2个浓度范围下,研究了不同HRT对反应器运行效果的影响。结果表明,通过HRT的调整,在达到相同有机负荷(OLR)下,进水COD为20 000~25 000 mg/L的COD去除率和产气量,明显比进水COD为40 000~45 000 mg/L的运行效果好;进水COD为20 000~25 000 mg/L,HRT为14 h,相应的OLR为41.09 kgCOD/(m3.d)时,COD去除率仍然维持在68%以上,沼气容积产气率达到14.55 m3/(m3.d)。炭纤维载体固定床厌氧反应器具有较高的COD去除率、产气效率以及抵抗低pH、高负荷冲击的能力,运行过程中没有发生反应器堵塞的现象。     

Brain myelination in rats treated with ionizing radiation in utero

Abstract

Effects of ionizing radiation on brain myelination and some physical development parameters were studied in laboratory rats (Fisher F‐344 inbred strain). Rats were treated with three different doses of radiation (150 rad, 15 rad, and 6.8 rad) delivered on the 20th day of prenatal life. Exposure to 150 rad reduced body, brain, ovary, kidney, heart and spleen weights. Prenatal exposure to 150 rad of radiation reduced the cerebral cortex weight by 22 percent at 30 days of age, and 20 percent at 52 days of age which caused a reduction in cerebral cortex myelin content by 20 and 23 percent at the ages of 30 and 52 days respectively. This dose did not affect the myelin content of the cerebellum or the brain stem, or the myelin concentration (mg myelin/g brain tissue) of the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and the brain stem. The cerebral cortex weight of the 15 rad treated rats was reduced at the age of 30 days. Exposure to 15 rad, and 6.8 rad did not affect either the myelin content or the myelin concentration of these brain areas.