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81.
82.
为了更好地支持压力管道检验,降低事故率,本文基于漏磁检测原理,利用有限元分析软件建立了管道外漏磁检测模型,对管道漏磁检测进行了仿真计算,得到了缺陷处漏磁场特征曲线,模拟了圆柱形缺陷对管道外壁漏磁场的影响,得出了不同参数缺陷对漏磁场的影响规律,并且基于理论和有限元计算结果试制了可变径管道外漏磁检测仪的样机,利用该检测仪对壁厚为8mm的带有人工缺陷的管道进行扫描检测,研究不同参数缺陷对漏磁场信号的影响规律。结果表明,所得结果与有限元仿真的结果吻合良好,且缺陷检测精度及效果满足要求,另外,检测装置对内外壁缺陷检测同样可行有效,适合特种设备(压力管道)检测的工程应用。 相似文献
83.
Patrick Meyfroidt 《Journal of Land Use Science》2016,11(5):501-522
Research into land and social-ecological systems science could benefit from improved clarity in the terminology used for causal analysis and a structured way to make causal inferences. Here I identify two aspects of causality, i.e. causal effects and causal mechanisms, and discuss explanation in historical sciences. I then propose definitions for the major terms used for causal relations, including driver, (spatial) determinant, location and contextual factor, proximate and underlying factors. Finally, I discuss the contribution of various operational approaches, including time series and counterfactual approaches for assessing causal effects and process-tracing approaches for establishing causal mechanisms. Having a coherent concept of causality, agreeing on a precise vocabulary and harnessing our tools with the clear purpose of establishing both causal effects and causal mechanisms should strengthen causal explanations for single cases, for drawing policy-relevant lessons and for theoretical development in relation to land and, more broadly, social-ecological systems processes. 相似文献
84.
湖北省油菜测土配方施肥下N2O减排潜力估算 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以油菜种植大省-湖北省为案例地,在分析农田氮肥施用与油菜籽产量的基础上,依据氮肥利用率变化,估算测土配方施肥技术在湖北省全面推广的情况下,带来的N2O减排潜力.结果表明,在湖北省油菜种植中,测土配方施肥技术的推广将带来646.32ktCO2-eq的理论减排.以2012年湖北省油菜测土配方推广情况为基础,进一步全面实施该项技术,将产生173.91ktCO2-eq的减排量,占油菜种植因氮肥使用而产生的N2O排放总量的13.98%.测土配方施肥通过优化营养元素配比,提高油菜氮肥利用效率,是一项控制与减少农业N2O排放、减少氮素在环境中盈余量的有效措施. 相似文献
85.
芳纶在阻燃防护服中的应用及检测 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
张生辉 《中国个体防护装备》2014,(1):37-40
本文介绍了间位芳纶和对位芳纶的性能,并对利用其性能制作的阻燃防护服进行了检测。 相似文献
86.
随着电梯的广泛使用,钢丝绳断丝、断股导致的事故时有发生,电梯电动机运转时间限制器的重要性越来越凸显出来。针对电梯电动机运转时间限制器落后的检验现状,根据实际现场检验经验,通过分析电梯的控制原理,总结了一种新的检验方法,该方法安全性高,实用性强,操作方便。 相似文献
87.
With the present contribution an evaluation of the toxicity of the pure herbicide glyphosate and its commercial formulation Faena® is reported using the cladoceran Daphnia magna Strauss and the rotifer Lecane quadridentata Ehrenberg. LC50, EC50, NOEC, and LOEC values for each toxicant and for both test organisms are obtained. Regarding acute toxicity, Faena was 11-fold more toxic to L. quadridentata than pure glyphosate and slightly more toxic to D. magna (1.7-fold). Inhibition of esterase activity in L. quadridentata by glyphosate was the most sensitive end-point; the EC50 was 1500-fold smaller than the LC50. The implications of these results and their comparison with established international and national limit values for glyphosate are discussed. 相似文献
88.
The results of a study of photocatalytic degradation of phenol using aqueous oxygenated TiO2 (anatase) suspensions in a batch Pyrex photoreactor are reported. The influence on the photodegradation rate of various parameters as pH, phenol and TiO2 content, oxygen partial pressure, anions present in the dispersions was investigated. A complete oxidation of phenol was observed. Intermediate compounds, catechol and quinone, were detected. It was observed that the photodegradation also proceeded with sunlight radiation. A mechanistic and kinetic model, which accounts for the results obtained, is given. Likely reasons for inactivity of the rutile modification for this reaction are also given. 相似文献
89.
Guzel Yucel-Gier Aslı Kacar L. Tolga Gonul Idil Pazi Filiz Kucuksezgin Neslihan Erarslanoglu 《Chemistry and Ecology》2018,34(3):211-228
Lagoons are defined as wetlands separated from the sea coasts on which they are located and sit between continental and marine aquatic ecosystems. Çakalburnu Lagoon is a coastal wetland on the southern side of the Bay of ?zmir. Microorganisms, which are quite sensitive to changes occurring in environmental factors, are commonly used to determine the impact of environmental effects on the functioning of the ecosystem. In this study, variations in the abundance and biomass of picoplankton (Synechococcus spp. and bacteria) and the abundance of viruses, which identify the ecological productivity of the food chain, were seasonally examined by epifluorescence microscopy. Moreover, the microbial abundance and biomass relation over time between the physical and chemical parameters was evaluated. According to our results, the maximum abundance of Synechococcus spp. and viruses was 6.7?×?104 cell/ml and 9.9?×?108?cell/ml in the summer, respectively. Otherwise, the highest level of bacteria was measured at 3.6?×?107 cell/ml in the spring. Based on the principal component analysis and Pearson correlation analysis results, we concluded that total suspended solids, Chl-a, particulate organic carbon and particulate organic nitrogen were the major parameters influencing the observed variability of the lagoon system. Overall, to protect and improve the ecological and microbiological quality of aquatic systems such as lagoons, the necessary monitoring and measurement studies should be conducted in these sensitive areas. 相似文献
90.
本文根据铵离子的物理化学性质,建立了各种测试分析技术.传统的NH4+_-15N同位素测试过程包括样品中NH4+的收集、转化为适于质谱分析的气态N2以及用15N同位素质谱进行分析.其中NH:的收集方法较多,包括蒸馏法、扩散法、离子交换柱法和沸石萃取法等.适于质谱分析气态N2的转化方法可分为化学湿法和干燃烧法.笔者就同位素分析测试过程中NH4+的收集、转化及15N测试各个步骤加以总结,分析各自方法的优缺点和适用范围,寻求问题的解决途径.并评述了最近出现的色谱-质谱联合分析法和叠氮法.最后对地下水NH4+-15N同位素测试技术的发展进行了展望,以期能够更广泛地应用于环境和水文地质领域. 相似文献