聚丙烯塑料-锯末干混合制备高介孔率柱状活性炭

以聚丙烯塑料和梧桐锯末为原材料,无水K2CO3为活化剂,采用干混合法制备高介孔率柱状活性炭.通过单因素实验,探究了塑料含量、盐料比、活化温度及活化时间对活性炭吸附亚甲基蓝(MB)性能的影响.结果表明:当塑料含量为20%、盐料比为2.5、活化温度为950℃、活化时间为80 min时,所制备的活性炭具有较高的MB吸附量(322.9 mg·g-1).所制备的活性炭具有发达的微观孔隙结构,其比表面积达到1461.99m2·g-1,平均孔径为3.23 nm,总孔容为1.04 cm3·g-1,其中,介孔孔容为0.80 cm3·g-1,介孔率超过70%,充分说明该方法可制备优质高介孔率柱状活性炭.     

溴-锑-磷协效阻燃体系对聚丙烯土工格栅阻燃和生烟性能的影响

利用极限氧指数、垂直燃烧试验、酒精喷灯燃烧试验、锥形量热仪、热重分析和力学性能测试等手段研究了溴-锑-磷阻燃体系对聚丙烯(PP)土工格栅的力学性能、燃烧性能、生烟性能和热解特性的影响。结果表明,低添加量(质量分数≤5%)的溴-锑-磷阻燃体系对PP土工格栅的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率影响较小,但明显提高了材料的阻燃性能,其中质量分数5%的四溴双酚A-双(2,3-二溴丙基醚)(八溴醚)-三氧化二锑阻燃PP的峰值热释放速率(HRR)和总释放热(THR)相比于纯PP分别下降了39.98%和26.03%。八溴醚-三氧化二锑阻燃体系与红磷复配时还表现出较好的协效作用,当溴-锑与磷的质量比为3∶2时,协效阻燃效果最优,仅添加5%的协效阻燃体系便可使PP的LOI和UL 94等级分别达到27.9%和V-0级,并通过酒精喷灯燃烧试验。与纯PP相比,溴-锑阻燃体系虽降低了PP的HRR和THR,但增大了燃烧过程中的生烟速率(SPR)和总产烟量(TSR),而红磷的加入能有效降低溴-锑阻燃PP的生烟量。热重分析表明,溴-锑-磷协效阻燃体系表现出较好的气相阻燃作用,能有效降低PP的热裂解速率,增强了PP的阻燃性能。     

不同填料负载微生物去除地表水氨氮的研究

氨氮浓度过高是黑臭水体难以治理的重要原因之一.本研究比较了经活性污泥驯化的菌株与市售硝化菌液两种不同菌剂分别在有机填料聚丙烯纤维和无机填料沸石上的挂膜特性,考察了不同挂膜填料性质、填料粒径、源水pH值等因素对氨氮去除效果的影响,并通过高通量测序解构不同填料生物膜的微生物群落差异,探究填料负载微生物的生物膜法去除氨氮的综...     

Optimization of the recovery of plastics for recycling by density media separation cyclones

Material recovery processes are presented as the optimum option for recycling plastic wastes as a means of recovering hydrocarbon resources. There exist a large variety of automated material recovery processes for recycling of such wastes but each with significant limitations. Of these, the separation based on differences in densities is advocated as the optimum process either for producing recycled products or preparing wastes for subsequent recovery processing.Density separation processes based on cyclone type density media separation (DMS) is presented as an important, potential method for increasing plastics recycling process capacities. It is demonstrated to have the capacity to separate a significantly larger range of particle sizes than those presently processed industrially. The mathematical relationship for the prediction of quality of typical LARCODEMS type density media separations by particle size and density as expressed by the Ecart Probable is presented.A proposed device configuration is presented for density media separation to optimize the recovery and purity of both density fractions produced. It is also suggested that to be economically viable, a large scale of operation is required for industrial plastics recycling operations recovering and producing a number of different plastics with a purity to be used as a substitute for virgin material.     

Vegetable fibres from agricultural residues as thermo-mechanical reinforcement in recycled polypropylene-based green foams

Novel lightweight composite foams based on recycled polypropylene reinforced with cellulosic fibres obtained from agricultural residues were prepared and characterized. These composites, initially prepared by melt-mixing recycled polypropylene with variable fibre concentrations (10-25 wt.%), were foamed by high-pressure CO₂ dissolution, a clean process which avoids the use of chemical blowing agents. With the aim of studying the influence of the fibre characteristics on the resultant foams, two chemical treatments were applied to the barley straw in order to increase the α-cellulose content of the fibres. The chemical composition, morphology and thermal stability of the fibres and composites were analyzed. Results indicate that fibre chemical treatment and later foaming of the composites resulted in foams with characteristic closed-cell microcellular structures, their specific storage modulus significantly increasing due to the higher stiffness of the fibres. The addition of the fibres also resulted in an increase in the glass transition temperature of PP in both the solid composites and more significantly in the foams.     

聚丙烯环管反应器参数安全性分析

采用参数敏感性分析方法对聚丙烯装置环管反应器反应温度、转化率对初温的安全敏感性进行了研究。结果表明,反应初温在72~74℃的范围属于反应器的温度敏感区域,超过74℃则进入温度极敏感区域,可引起反应器堵塞、出料泵过载,严重时可造成非正常停车、甚至超压爆炸事故。     

废塑料裂解生产原料油的研究

本文对聚乙烯和聚丙烯的混合物裂解成原料油进行了研究 ,在 44 0℃条件下 ,不同比例的聚乙烯和聚丙烯被裂解。结果发现 ,聚丙烯有最高的液体回收率。几种催化剂被应用到聚丙烯的裂解过程中。裂解产品组分的构成及催化剂的选择是本研究的主要内容。通过比较几种不同催化剂的催化结果发现 ,复合催化剂有更好的催化效果。本研究为将来的废塑料综合利用提供了一种新的有用方法     

HAZOP在燕山石化12×104 t/a聚丙烯装置改造中的应用

介绍了在12×104t/a聚丙烯装置改造中实施HAZOP分析的方法、步骤及取得的成效,并从效益方面进行了分析.     

废聚丙烯塑料的回收利用技术

介绍了废聚丙烯塑料能源化的方法(焚烧、无氧及有氧条件下的热分解)与资源化回收利用技术(简单再利用、改性再生利用),并对国内外相关方面的研究和应用情况进行了报道。     

回收废旧电池外壳聚丙烯的力学和耐热性能研究

社会经济的发展和生活水平的提高使得汽车保有量逐年增加,服役后报废汽车产生的废旧蓄电池也快速上升,报废的蓄电池给环境带来巨大压力.废旧电池外壳是聚丙烯,如何循环利用成为亟待解决问题.采用高抗冲共聚聚丙烯对其进行增韧改性,结果表明:当添加20％共聚聚丙烯后,缺口冲击强度提升39.2％,熔体流动速率降低了48.3％,在150...