Emergency membrane contactor based absorption system for ammonia leaks in water treatment plants

Because of the suspected health risks of trihalomethanes (THMs), more and more water treatment plants have replaced traditionalchlorine disinfection process with chloramines but often without the proper absorption system installed in the case of ammonia leaksin the storage room. A pilot plant membrane absorption system was developed and installed in a water treatment plant for this purpose.Experimentally determined contact angle, surface tension, and corrosion tests indicated that the sulfuric acid was the proper choice as the absorbent for leaking ammonia using polypropylene hollow fiber membrane contactor. Effects of several operating conditionson the mass transfer coefficient, ammonia absorption, and removal efficiency were examined, including the liquid concentration,liquid velocity, and feed gas concentration. Under the operation conditions investigated, the gas absorption efficiency over 99.9%was achieved. This indicated that the designed pilot plant membrane absorption system was effective to absorb the leaking ammonia in the model storage room. The removal rate of the ammonia in the model storage room was also experimentally and theoretically foundto be primarily determined by the ammonia suction flow rate from the ammonia storage room to the membrane contactor. The ammoniaremoval rate of 99.9% was expected to be achieved within 1.3 h at the ammonia gas flow rate of 500 m3/h. The success of the pilot plantmembrane absorption system developed in this study illustrated the potential of this technology for ammonia leaks in water treatmentplant, also paved the way towards a larger scale application.     

复掺轻骨料纤维喷射混凝土力学及导热性能试验研究*

为有效隔绝高地温公路隧道、深部高温巷道施工过程中的围岩散热,利用正交试验方法,以不同复合陶粒、陶砂掺量、聚丙烯纤维为影响因素,设计出1种隔热效应的轻骨料纤维喷射混凝土（Lightweight Aggregate Fiber Shotcrete,LAFS）,进行含水率、抗压、劈裂抗拉及导热性能试验,并借助X射线衍射、扫描电镜对LAFS进行机理分析。结果表明:3种因素对LAFS力学及导热性能的影响程度均为陶粒掺量>陶砂掺量>聚丙烯纤维掺量,本试验条件下,复合双掺陶粒、陶砂分别取代石子、砂子的最佳体积率为12%,6%,聚丙烯纤维的最佳掺量范围为0.2%~0.3%。建立的LAFS各性能预测模型可为工程应用LAFS确定其配比时提供试验依据。     

Improvement of antifouling characteristics in a bioreactor of polypropylene microporous membrane by the adsorption of Tween 20

Surface modification by physical adsorption of Tween 20 was accomplished on polypropylene microporous membranes(PPMMs). Attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(ATR/FT-IR)and field emission scanning electron microscope(FE- SEM)were used to characterize the chemical and morphological changes on the membrane surfaces.Water contact angles and relative pure water fluxes were measured.The data showed that the hydrophilic performance for the modified membranes increased with the increase in the adsorption amount of Tween 20 onto the surface or into the pores of polypropylene microporous membranes.To test the antifouling property of the membranes by the adsorption of Tween 20 in a membrane bioreactor(MBR),filtration for active sludge was performed using synthetic wastewater.With the help of the data of water fluxes and the FE-SEM photos of the modified PPMMs before or after operating in a MBR for about 12 d,the PPMMs with monolayer adsorption of Tween 20 showed higher remained flux and stronger antifouling ability than unmodified membrane and other modification membranes studied.     

Beijing Tong Ren Tang Company Limited Scientific Research Institute, Beijing 100011, China

By dynamic method under UV irradiation,commercial melt-blown polypropylene(PPMB)filter element was modified with acrylamide(AAm)using benzophenone(BP)as initiator.Attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope verified that polyacrylamide chain was grafted on the fiber surface of PPMB filter element.Elemental content analysis with energy dispersive X-ray of fibers revealed that the polymerization content in the inner part of filter element was relatively higher than that in the outer.Degree of grafting changed with initiator concentration,monomer concentration,reaction temperature and reached 2.6% at the reaction condition:C_(BP)=0.06 mol/L,C_(AAm)=2.0 mol/L,irradiation time:80 min,temperature: 60℃.Relative water flux altered with the hydrophilicity and pore size of filter element.In the antifouling test,the modified filter gave greater flux recovery(approximately 70%)after filtration of the water extract of Liuweidihuang,suggesting that the fouling layer was more easily reversible due to the hydrophilic nature of the modified filter.     

引气剂和聚丙烯纤维对高水材料性质的影响研究

为了改变高水材料的破坏特点,采用引气剂和聚丙烯纤维双掺对其进行改性。试验结果表明:随着引气剂掺量的增加,浆体的流动性逐渐降低,混合浆液失流时间延长,试块密度和单轴抗压强度逐渐减小;聚丙烯纤维的掺入,对浆体流动性、失流时间、引气率影响均较小。聚丙烯纤维最佳掺量为2 kg/m3,引气剂和聚丙烯纤维的掺入使硬化体的弹性模量略有减小,且使试块由脆性破坏转变为延性破坏,在保持整体不散的情况下,提高其压缩量。SEM观察表明:钙矾石在气泡壁上集中生成,聚丙烯纤维与基体的界面处有利于针状钙矾石的生成,从而使聚丙烯纤维更好地发挥增强增韧的作用。     

不同弹性体对电子废弃物废PP改性效果的影响

针对废PP(聚丙烯)的抗冲击强度降幅明显的问题,分别采用POE(乙烯-辛烯共聚物)和SBS(苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物)作为增韧剂,对废PP共混改性效果进行了研究. 结果表明:POE和SBS均可有效改善废PP的韧性,提高冲击强度;当弹性体用量为15%(以w计,下同)左右时,其共混体系的冲击变化过程由脆性断裂逐渐向韧性断裂转变;添加16.7%的弹性体时,POE和SBS共混体系的冲击强度可分别达到新PP的2.33和1.90倍,但POE对共混体系的冲击性能改善效果更佳. POE较SBS在废PP基体中分布更为均匀,弹性体用量为16.7%时,PP/POE体系熔体流动速率为17.4g/10min,大于PP/SBS体系(6.21g/10min),即PP/POE体系具有加工优势. 但是添加弹性体后,废PP共混体系的拉伸强度、弯曲强度等指标有所下降,需进一步提高.      

真空膜蒸馏处理发制品废水

采用聚丙烯平板膜组件,利用真空膜蒸馏处理发制品废水。考察了进料温度（45.0~70.0 ℃）、进料流量（60~150 L/h）、透过侧真空度（10.0~85.0 kPa）、废水pH、表面活性剂对膜性能的影响。在冷却水流量60 L/h、进料流量120 L/h、进料温度60.0 ℃、透过侧真空度75.0 kPa、废水pH约1.5的条件下,分别对实际发制品废水和模拟发制品废水进行了36 h的运行测试。实验结果表明：两种废水的平均膜渗透通量分别为32.09 kg/（m²·h）和32.66 kg/（m²·h）,截留率分别保持在99.54%和99.83%以上;产水的pH约为6.8,COD和TDS几乎为0,完全满足《污水综合排放标准》（GB 8978—1996）中的二级排放标准。     

膜接触器分离混合气中二氧化碳的研究

研究了聚丙烯纤维微孔膜(HFPPM)膜接触器分离CO₂/N₂混合气中CO₂技术,考察了吸收剂的种类、HFPPM的透气率和流程等因素对CO₂分离效率的影响.结果表明,液相中传质在分离过程中占主导作用;3种吸收剂的性能依次为单乙醇胺(MEA)＞NaOH＞二乙醇胺(DEA)以浓度2.5 mol·L^-1、流速40～160 L·h^-1的MEA水溶液处理浓度20%、流速0.5～1.0 m³·h^-1的CO₂/N₂混合气时,CO₂的脱除率为95%～99.5%,CO₂的传质系数为4.5～6.8×10^-4m·s^-1;透气率大的膜组件传质系数大,腔流程中CO₂的脱除率比壳流程高30%以上.     

用于处理含油废水的吸油罐的研制

聚丙烯纤维是一种很好的吸油材料 ,以它作为吸油罐内的滤料吸附含油废水中的油 ,使水达标排放 ,再用蒸汽吹扫滤料上的油进行收集 ,使油回收利用     

回收废旧电池外壳聚丙烯的力学和耐热性能研究

社会经济的发展和生活水平的提高使得汽车保有量逐年增加,服役后报废汽车产生的废旧蓄电池也快速上升,报废的蓄电池给环境带来巨大压力.废旧电池外壳是聚丙烯,如何循环利用成为亟待解决问题.采用高抗冲共聚聚丙烯对其进行增韧改性,结果表明:当添加20％共聚聚丙烯后,缺口冲击强度提升39.2％,熔体流动速率降低了48.3％,在150...