吸油插板式隔油池

本文介绍了一种简易高效的隔油池 ,它用具有吸油和隔油双重作用的“板” ,来取代普通隔油池中的隔油墙(板 ) ,使原来不易上浮到水面的细小油珠也能被除去 ,从而提高了油水分离效率。吸油板式隔油池处理工厂一般含油废水比普通隔油池占用土地面积小、制作简单、投资省、效果好。监测结果表明 ,处理后水的油份浓工符合国家排放标准 (油≤ 10mg L)     

油库火灾爆炸危险性分析

对某油库火灾爆炸危险性进行了定性分析,找出了发生火灾爆炸事故的主要危险因素,并提出了相应的对策.     

Environmental problems in a coal mining area affected by coal fires ——A case study in Ruqigou Coalfield, Ningxia, China

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崇明东滩海三棱藨草生长期沉积物有机碳含量变化

对长江口崇明东滩(CM-S)海三棱藤草(Scirpus mariqueter)生长期(4～12月)柱样沉积物有机碳含量及变化分析,发现柱样沉积物有机碳含量与温度、海三棱蔗草地上生物量呈显著负相关(p＜0.05).在陆源沉降、温度和海三棱藤草生长、死亡等因素的共同作用下,崇明东滩沉积物有机碳库随时间推移呈明显的"盈""亏"变化.夏季是潮滩沉积物有机碳库的"碳亏"期,秋季9月起,海三棱蔗草死亡分解使得有机碳在沉积物中累积,沉积物碳库进入"碳盈"期.可见死亡倒伏的海三棱藤草是潮滩盐沼带沉积物有机碳库的主要碳源,海三棱蔗草在生长期中通过光合作用所固定的大气碳素在生长末期输送补偿入沉积物有机碳库中.     

Chromatographic measurement of molecular markers of sources of atmospheric aerosol particles

Various organic compounds in aerosol particles in ambient air near a coniferous forest fire in Boulder, Colorado were identified as molecular markers of wood burning and forest fires. Particle samples were collected by filtering small volumes of air. The samples were analysed using thermal desorption followed by gas chromatographic separation and detection, a highly sensitive analytical method. Several compounds unique to softwood combustion were identified in the samples. Additionally, a predominance of odd-carbon-numbered n-alkanes over the corresponding even-carbon-numbered n-alkanes was observed. This predominance is a well-documented molecular pattern indicative of epicutical waxes in plants.     

Toward Meaningful Snag-Management Guidelines for Postfire Salvage Logging in North American Conifer Forests

Abstract:  The bird species in western North America that are most restricted to, and therefore most dependent on, severely burned conifer forests during the first years following a fire event depend heavily on the abundant standing snags for perch sites, nest sites, and food resources. Thus, it is critical to develop and apply appropriate snag-management guidelines to implement postfire timber harvest operations in the same locations. Unfortunately, existing guidelines designed for green-tree forests cannot be applied to postfire salvage sales because the snag needs of snag-dependent species in burned forests are not at all similar to the snag needs of snag-dependent species in green-tree forests. Birds in burned forests have very different snag-retention needs from those cavity-nesting bird species that have served as the focus for the development of existing snag-management guidelines. Specifically, many postfire specialists use standing dead trees not only for nesting purposes but for feeding purposes as well. Woodpeckers, in particular, specialize on wood-boring beetle larvae that are superabundant in fire-killed trees for several years following severe fire. Species such as the Black-backed Woodpecker ( Picoides arcticus ) are nearly restricted in their habitat distribution to severely burned forests. Moreover, existing postfire salvage-logging studies reveal that most postfire specialist species are completely absent from burned forests that have been (even partially) salvage logged. I call for the long-overdue development and use of more meaningful snag-retention guidelines for postfire specialists, and I note that the biology of the most fire-dependent bird species suggests that even a cursory attempt to meet their snag needs would preclude postfire salvage logging in those severely burned conifer forests wherein the maintenance of biological diversity is deemed important.     

基于空气幕与排烟系统的隧道火灾烟气控制研究*

为研究隧道火灾时空气幕与排烟系统复合模式下的烟气蔓延规律,优化选择防排烟方式,以某越江隧道为研究对象,运用FDS数值模拟方法探究射流速度、排烟量和空气幕与排烟口间距对防排烟效果的影响。结果表明:空气幕与排烟口间距对射流特性与烟气蔓延有较强影响,间距为30 m的控烟效果最佳;空气幕与机械排烟复合作用的控烟效果远优于每个独立系统,可实现可靠挡烟和有效排烟;当火源功率20 MW时,随空气幕射流速度的增加挡烟效果有所增加,但射流速度不宜过大,取20~30 m/s;机械排烟对温度与可见度影响比空气幕作用效果显著,一定程度上增加排烟量可降低所需气幕射流速度;综合考虑防排烟的有效性和经济性,取射流速度为20 m/s、排烟量为100 m3/s为最优防排烟组合方式。     

基于贝叶斯估计的多探测器火警判定方法研究*

为应对感烟探测器的大量误报对消防应急响应带来的挑战,考虑目前以感烟探测器为主的火警设施误报率高且短期内难以全部更换的特点,提出基于贝叶斯估计的多探测器火警判定方法,通过多个探测器的报警时间间隔计算火源位置的后验概率分布,并提出火警真实度概念,为火警判定提供依据。结果表明:使用多探测器耦合模型时每增加1个探测器可将误报率降低约4个数量级,该方法在探测器正常、部分失效、误报的情景下均能有效判别火警。     

火源位置对浮法玻璃热破裂行为规律影响研究*

为了研究火源位置对浮法玻璃热破裂行为规律的影响,选用尺寸为600 mm×600 mm×6 mm（长×宽×厚）的浮法玻璃为研究对象,研究在点支撑和框支撑安装方式下,在玻璃厚度方向上不同火源位置的浮法玻璃热破裂情况,分析其首次破裂时间、破裂时表面温度以及裂纹起裂方式等热破裂行为参数,加深对浮法玻璃热破裂行为机理的研究。结果表明:在火源位置实验中进行中心热辐射时,点支撑安装方式下的浮法玻璃防火性能优于框支撑安装方式下的浮法玻璃;其次,玻璃表面会形成大量孤岛裂纹和交叉裂纹,裂纹最终形态受火源位置影响,火源位置与裂纹数量、裂纹分布复杂性呈负相关。     

仓库火灾特点、原因及防范对策探讨

分析某地仓库火灾的统计数据,归纳总结了仓库火灾特点,得出仓库火灾的主要原因,并按照"3E对策"的原则,从安全技术、安全教育、安全管理三个方面提出预防与控制仓库火灾对策.