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251.
252.
张守忠 《石油化工环境保护》2000,(3):46-47
阐述了溶解氧自动监测在好氧法不处理中的重要意义,展示了我研究所在溶解氧自动测解决的2项关键技术,并在全国众多污水处理厂应用中提高污水处理效率取得显著成果。 相似文献
253.
254.
William J. de Groot Robert D. Field Michael A. Brady Orbita Roswintiarti Maznorizan Mohamad 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2007,12(1):165-180
Forest and land fires in Southeast Asia have many social, economic, and environmental impacts. Tropical peatland fires affect
global carbon dynamics, and haze from peat fires has serious negative impacts on the regional economy and human health. To
mitigate these fire-related problems, forest and land management agencies require an early warning system to assist them in
implementing fire prevention and management plans before fire problems begin. Fire Danger Rating Systems (FDRS) were developed
for Indonesia and Malaysia to provide early warning of the potential for serious fire and haze events. In particular, they
identify time periods when fires can readily start and spread to become uncontrolled fires and time periods when smoke from
smouldering fires will cause an unacceptably high level of haze. The FDRS were developed by adapting components of the Canadian
Forest Fire Danger Rating System, including the Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index (FWI) System and the Canadian Forest Fire
Behavior Prediction (FBP) System, to local vegetation, climate, and fire regime conditions. A smoke potential indicator was
developed using the Drought Code (DC) of the FWI System. Historical air quality analysis showed that the occurrence of severe
haze events increased substantially when DC was above 400. An ignition potential indicator was developed using the Fine Fuel
Moisture Code (FFMC) of the FWI System. Historical hot spot analysis, grass moisture, and grass ignition studies showed that
fire occurrence and the ability for grass fires to start and spread dramatically increased when FFMC > 82. The Initial Spread
Index (ISI) of the FWI System was used to develop a difficulty of control indicator for grassland fires, a fuel type that
can exhibit high rates of spread and fire intensity. This ISI-based indicator was developed using the grass fuel model of
the FBP System, along with a standard grass fuel load and curing level estimated from previous Indonesian studies. Very high
fire intensity is expected in grasslands when ISI ≥ 6. To provide early warning, the FDRS identifies classes of increasing
fire danger as the FFMC, DC, and ISI approach these key threshold values. The Indonesian FDRS is now operated nationally at
the Indonesian Meteorological and Geophysical Agency. The Malaysian Meteorological Service operates the Malaysian FDRS and
displays regional outputs for the Association of Southeast Asian Nations. The FDRS are being used by forestry, agriculture,
environment, and fire and rescue agencies to develop and implement fire prevention, detection, and suppression plans. 相似文献
255.
A. Heil B. Langmann E. Aldrian 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2007,12(1):113-133
Numerical modelling of fire-related smoke haze episodes in Southeast Asia is important for both prediction and assessment of atmospheric impacts, especially when observational data are fragmentary, as is the case in Indonesia. This work describes the atmospheric fate of smoke particles emitted during the 1997 Indonesian fires modelled with a regional atmospheric chemistry model. We established a new fire emission inventory and calculate that 55 teragram (Tg) of particulate matter and 1098 Tg of carbon were released during this fire episode. Our emission estimate is an intermediate value compared with other studies. Utilising different scenarios, we demonstrate the variable atmospheric impacts of surface vegetation fires and peat soil fires separately and also investigate the sensitivity of smoke dispersion to the differing meteorological conditions of an El Niño and a normal year. When peat fires are included in the emission inventory, modelled ambient particle concentrations exceed the ambient air quality standard across transboundary scales. In a scenario including only surface vegetation fires, ambient air quality standards are exceeded only in areas close to the main fires. This scenario demonstrates the prominent role of fires in peat areas in causing regional air pollution episodes. In years with normal meteorological conditions, intermittent precipitation and associated wet deposition during the dry season are predicted to remove most of the particulate emissions close to the sources. Strongly reduced rainfall and generally stronger southeasterly winds during El Niño years provide favourable conditions for larger scale smoke haze pollution. 相似文献
256.
北极陆地生态系统的碳循环与全球温暖化 总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17
根据最新研究资料,综述并分析了全球温暖化与北极陆地生态系统碳循环的关系,指出近代全球大气CO2和CH4浓度显著增加,并呈现日益加剧的趋势;这些温室气体的浓度上升与全球温暖化密切相关,自本世纪70年代开始,北极地区的夏季温度显著上升.通过分析北极陆地生态系统的碳循环及其基本特征,发现北极陆地生态系统是一个巨大的土壤碳库,占全球土壤碳库总量的237%—323%;虽然该系统目前起着大气CO2汇的作用,但大气CO2浓度增加导致的气温上升将对北极土壤碳库和CO2的源汇功能产生深刻影响. 相似文献
257.
杜勤 《石油化工环境保护》1999,(2):27-29
介绍污水处理新技术生物滤池——固体接触工艺和工业试验,以及应用该新技术建成的日处理1万t生活污水装置的运行情况和特点 相似文献
258.
张子炎 《安全.健康和环境》2020,(4):12-18
采用ALOHA软件对典型化学品的池火灾及BLEVE事故进行了模拟计算,分析了事故的危害范围情况。BLEVE火球热辐射的危害范围比池火大,烃类化学品发生事故的影响比其他类别化学品严重;化学品的碳链越长,危害越大;含有硝基的化学品危害范围最小。分析结果可以作为预测数据,为典型化学品泄漏事故救援提供有效的技术支持。 相似文献
259.
通过对深圳七家游泳池水中三氯甲烷的监测,三氯甲烷超标严重(52%超标,最高超标4倍)对对卤代烃的形成及其影响因素进行探讨,提醒人们不要忽视来自游泳池中的有机污染。 相似文献
260.
不同气油比的油气混输管道泄漏后果危害形式和风险差异的准确判断对于管道泄漏应急处置至关重要。以中国西部某油田集输管道为研究对象,针对不同气油比管道泄漏的火灾危害进行了对比分析,构建了FLACS CFD模型,并研究了油气混输管道原油泄漏形成池火的火灾特征和影响范围,以及天然气泄漏形成喷射火的高温分布和影响规律。研究结果表明:应急处置应考虑不同气油比下池火与喷射火危害的差异。在油气混输管线泄漏10 min形成稳定火焰的场景中,气油比低于100 m3/t时,原油池火为火灾危险的主要影响因素;气油比高于200 m3/t时,天然气喷射火为主要影响因素;气油比超过250 m3/t,高温覆盖距离不再明显增加;40 m为此场景下混输油气泄漏喷射火致死距离上限,120 m为温度影响上限。 相似文献