PM1切割器性能测试系统的搭建与应用

为对PM_1切割器的性能进行准确评估,本文设计搭建了两套PM_1切割器性能测试系统.结果发现,多分散气溶胶测试系统发生的气溶胶稳定、均匀,符合对数正态分布;单分散气溶胶测试系统发生的气溶胶稳定,单分散性良好.采用上述两套系统对5种PM1旋风切割器进行了性能评价,结果表明,两套系统测试结果基本一致,5种旋风切割器的切割粒径D50均在(1.0±0.1)μm之间,sharp-cut和Stairmand两类结构设计的切割器几何标准偏差σg分别在1.2±0.1和1.4±0.1之间.     

PM2.5旋风切割器的性能测试与模拟

切割器是PM_(2.5)采样器的关键部件,其性能的优劣将直接影响到采样结果的准确性,对其性能进行测试有助于评估PM_(2.5)采样器采样结果的准确性和可比性.因此,本研究选取两种应用广泛的BGI公司和URG公司生产的PM_(2.5)旋风切割器,分别采用多分散气溶胶和单分散气溶胶标定装置对其性能进行了测试.结果表明,两种装置的测试结果基本一致.BGI和URG切割器的切割粒径D50为(2.5±0.2)μm,能够满足环境空气PM_(2.5)采样要求(HJ 93-2013);BGI切割器的捕集效率几何标准偏差δg为1.2±0.1,满足要求;而URG切割器的δg超出规定范围.同时,本研究获得了切割器采样流量Q与D50的关系式,可通过该关系式改变切割器的Q获得所需的D50;为使BGI切割器的D50在规定的范围内,其流量偏差需限定在设计流量(即16.7 L·min-1)的-1.0%~16.7%之间,而URG切割器的流量偏差需限定在设计流量的-1.3%~16.2%之间.其次,获得了切割器流动雷诺数Ref与无量纲切割粒径D50/DC的关系式,利用该关系式可在保持设计流量不变的情况下,通过改变切割器的出口管尺寸,得到所需的D50.最后,获得了切割器Q与压力损失△P的关系式,采用5种模型对两种切割器的无量纲阻力系数KL进行模拟计算,并与测试计算结果进行比较,发现CasalMartinez模型、Coker模型和Demir模型更适用于BGI旋风切割器的△P预测,而ShepherdLapple模型和CasalMartinez模型更适用于URG旋风切割器的△P预测.     

磷酸水热预处理制备高比表面积高介孔率活性炭

以锯末为原材料,采用磷酸水热预处理后活化的工艺制备高介孔率活性炭,以比表面积和孔容为评价标准,通过单因素实验探究了酸料比、活化温度、活化时间对活性炭比表面积及总孔容的影响规律,验证了该工艺的可行性.最优条件下所制备的活性炭比表面积为2579 m~2·g~(-1),介孔率达到96.6%,充分说明磷酸水热预处理工艺能够显著提高活性炭介孔孔容占比.亚甲基蓝(MB)吸附实验数据与Redlich-Peterson模型拟合度较好,样本活性炭对MB的吸附为单分子层吸附,最大单层吸附量为618.35 mg·g~(-1),接近于实验测试值632.79 mg·g~(-1),表明该方法制备的活性炭具有良好的MB吸附性能.     

BANK STABILITY ANALYSIS FOR PREDICTING REACH SCALE LAND LOSS AND SEDIMENT YIELD1

ABSTRACT: When extensive lengths of river become stabilized (e.g., by channel incision), riverbank erosion can result in considerable riparian land loss and the delivery of large volumes of sediment downstream. The ability to predict the stability and failure geometry of eroding riverbanks is therefore an important prerequisite in estimating the rate of bank erosion and sediment yield associated with bank erosion. In this paper, a new stability analysis for layered river banks is introduced. The new analysis differs from many previous analyses in that it takes into consideration the effects of positive pore water pressure in the saturated portion, and negative pore water pressure in the unsaturated portion, of the bank as well as the influence of hydrostatic confining pressure due to the water level in the river. In addition, the failure plane is not constrained to pass through the toe of the bank and the bank profile geometry is not restricted to an idealized special case. The predictive ability of the new bank stability analysis is assessed using data from two field sites. Subsequently, a methodology for applying the bank stability analysis at the scale of the river reach (0.1 to 10 km) is discussed. This method involves the use of empirical models of bed level adjustment to estimate the magnitude of incision at specific locations along the reach, with these estimates used to drive the stability analysis. Application of the new method is demonstrated with an example.     

等面积法确定翻边预冲孔直径

介绍了钢板翻边工艺中预冲孔直径的等面积计算与工艺验证结合的确定方法。采用这种方法 ,可以保证翻边成形后工件的尺寸要求 ,对于精度高、批量大的产品加工很有意义     

Chromium in intertidal sediments of the Clyde,UK: potential for remobilisation and bioaccumulation

Detailed surveys of intertidal sediments have been performed along the north and south shores of the Inner Clyde estuary, UK. Surface sediment data reveal significant spatial variation in Cr content and an association with major sediment characteristics and location within the estuary. Depth variation for Cr and other heavy metals cannot be explained by variation in major geochemical controls such as grain size and organic matter and highlights the impact of historical contamination on sediment quality. These elevated levels at depth may still have environmental impact through redox-reactivity, in association with iron and manganese. Sequential extraction of sediments and pore water analysis of Cr(VI) and Cr(III) provide detailed information on release potential from the sediments. The implication of Cr mobility for biota in the estuary has been assessed by the analysis of a common marine bivalve, Mytilus edulis (Blue Mussel) and a burrowing polychaete, Nereis diversicolor (rag worm) from a number of survey sites. Bioconcentration factors for Mytilus indicate that the weakly held portion of sediment Cr is available for uptake and in the case of Nereis, bioaccumulation appears to be inhibited by sediment organic matter.     

高压排气放空噪声及消声设计

分析了石化企业中常见的排气放空噪声的原理及其影响因素,探讨了排气放空消声器的设计方法及技术要点.在一些厂中实施了本消声技术,均取得了优异的降噪效果.     

多级扩径单桩的可靠性测试与分析

用垂直静载的加载方法，对多级扩径单桩进行可靠性测试，其结果表明，被测试单桩竖向抗压极限承载力值均大于设计要求。     

曝气条件对等温层曝气器充氧性能的影响

分析了等温层曝气器曝气室内气泡—水接触界面的氧传质过程,确定了表征氧传质效果的各项参数,在双膜理论基础上建立了等温层曝气充氧动力学模型及其解析方法.应用本模型预测了美国Prince湖等温层曝气器的充氧效果.根据等温层曝气充氧动力学模型的预测结果,随曝气量的增加和气泡直径的减小,氧总传质系数和氧传质速率均增大;随曝气量和气泡直径的增大,曝气效率下降.在等温层曝气器结构固定的情况下,减小气泡直径和增加水深均有利于改善曝气室的充氧效果,尤其是当气泡直径达到μm级别时;当曝气量超过一定临界值0.06m3/s时,曝气室的充氧效果略有削弱.根据曝气量对氧传质速率、曝气效率和单位时间内曝气室的充氧量的影响特性曲线,可确定等温层曝气器的优化运行条件.