Integrating Environmental Characteristics and Fisheries Management in Northern Finland River Impoundments

/ Three large rivers in northern Finland, the Kemijoki, Iijoki, and Oulujoki rivers, were dammed for hydropower generation in the 1940s-1960s. Due to differences in environmental conditions, these impoundments require detailed study to produce guidelines for fisheries management.Water quality, hydrology, vegetation, and geomorphology data of 16 impoundments were gathered. Shoreline land-use data were derived from maps, and fish assemblage data were collected by exploratory fishing and from the annual fishery statistics. The relations among environmental variables were studied, and a classification of the impoundments was developed by hierarchical cluster analysis. Consequently, three impoundment groups with different environmental characteristics were formed. Significant differences among impoundment groups were also detected in fish yield. We conclude that the variation in environmental conditions, together with differences in fish communities in the impoundments were important enough to justify the claim that impoundments of different types require different management strategies. KEY WORDS: Impoundments; River regulation; Fish assemblage; Water quality; Aquatic vegetation; Finland     

The German packaging ordinance: the questionable effects of a fragmentary solid waste management approach

Germany seems to be one of the leading nations in solid waste management, especially in the case of packaging waste; success stories about the ongoing increase in recycling strengthen this impression. However, enormous costs and questionable ecological benefits are the result of Germany's packaging ordinance and the formation of the recycling organization Duales System Deutschland (DSD). This article shows that similar progress in the reduction and recycling of packaging could have been realized without the packaging ordinance and dual system, with lower costs. This regulatory impact analysis of the German packaging ordinance covers all the effects on the different life-cycle stages of packaging, from production to recycling or disposal. The conclusion is that a fragmentary solid waste management approach – one that is based, like the German packaging ordinance, more on ideology than on facts – leads to enormous costs and questionable ecological benefits. To improve this situation, there is a need for an integrated solid waste management approach, based on evaluation of the economic, environmental, and social effects of different waste management options for the materials involved. Received: February 4, 1999 / Accepted: April 30, 1999     

基于水资源调度的平原河网区城市河道氮迁移转化研究

研究平原河网区城市河道在水资源调度过程中的水文特征和理化特征,探讨基于水资源调度的城市河道氮素形态与组成;在实验模拟条件下,研究基于水资源调度的城市河道沉积物NH+4-N释放过程.结果表明,研究河段在水资源调度作用下水深日变化过程明显;以农历月为单位,水资源调度可以分为轻度置换阶段和深度置换阶段;沿调水路径河道上覆水DO有下降趋势,高锰酸盐指数则呈现升高趋势;沿调水路径上覆水NO-3-N浓度逐渐减少,NH+4-N浓度显著升高;DO与高锰酸盐指数是影响上覆水NO-3-N、NH+4-N浓度的主要因素;沉积物内源NH+4-N释放是上覆水NH+4-N的一个重要来源;水资源调度显著影响(P<0.05)上覆水NH+4-N浓度,对沉积物内源NH+4-N的释放影响不显著(P>0.05).     

材料疲劳裂纹门槛值测定方法研究

目的研究快速简便的金属材料疲劳裂纹扩展门槛值测定方法。方法利用原位观察技术,通过对裂纹扩展的精确捕捉获得材料裂纹扩展门槛值。结果利用原位技术测量获得的LY12CZ铝合金材料疲劳裂纹门槛值与Bucci采用升降法获得的门槛值数据相近,并且测量简便。结论利用扫描电镜原位技术可以快速获得裂纹扩展门槛值,是一项具有工程应用前景的裂纹扩展门槛值测量手段。     

落实科学发展观，实现经济与环境的协调发展——县区经济与环境协调发展的几点建议

实现县区经济与环境的协调发展,首先要坚持正确的经济增长方式,其次是积极改善县区的经济环境与生态环境现状,再次是转变思路,运用科学发展观来创新环境机制与环境监督机制。做到以环境促经济发展,以经济发展促环境的优化。     

大气波导中的电波传播与环境特性研究进展

阐述了开展大气波导环境特性、传播特性及其应用研究的目的和意义。对大气波导中的环境特性研究、电波传播理论以及大气波导传播特性的应用研究等问题在国内外的研究进展进行了分析。探讨了开展大气波导中电波传播和环境特性研究重点、难点问题的方法和思路。     

多分散颗粒悬浊液声传播衰减模型研究

利用Bouguer-Lambert-Beer-Law理论,推导出了多分散颗粒悬浊液声传播衰减模型,并在实验室利用配制的玻璃微珠和二氧化钛悬浊液进行了5个频率下的声衰减测量.结果与衰减模型进行的数值模拟吻合.通过对渤海某淤积港口的声衰减测量验证,该模型同样适用于浑浊海域的声传播衰减计算.这对于浑浊海域的声纳探测和设计具有重要的工程价值.     

温州市电镀行业整治及思考

从2003年至2006年,温州市以"打非、整治、严管、入园"为核心开展电镀整治,从而摘掉了省级环境保护重点"监管区"的帽子.电镀业整治是一项艰巨的长期工作,要从四方面加强管理.一是在全市范围建立长效管理机制,巩固和深化电镀业整治取得的成果,有效遏止非法电镀死灰复燃,确保合法电镀稳定达标排放.二是建设电镀园区,集中生产,统一治污.三是建立容量的总量控制,实施排污指标商品化.四是推行环保设施市场化运营,实现稳定达标排放.     

本溪市溪湖区生态环境变化遥感分析与调控对策

以高分辨率QuickBird卫星数据为主要信息源,应用eCognition软件平台开展本溪市溪湖区生态环境动态变化分析。10a生态环境变化说明该区有较大的发展空间;调控对策坚持了科学发展,使建设与环境保护协调发展。     

Life cycle assessment of coated white board: a case study in China

Life cycle assessment was carried out using IMPACT2002+ to estimate the environmental impact of coated white board production, which is common in China. Normalized results showed that the potential impacts of respiratory inorganics, terrestrial ecotoxicity, global warming, and non-renewable energy had a dominant contributions to overall environmental impact. Specifically, emissions from chemical and energy production processes exhibited higher potential impact (more than 80% of the total contribution) on the environment than that of emissions generated from transport, landfill, wastewater treatment, and paper plants infrastructure. Energy recovery from black liquor and energy generation based on natural gas are key factors in reducing overall environmental potential impact. The current paper presents improvements on the environmental performance of a coated white board production site in China.