Dynamic Strength Tests for Low Elongation Lanyards

Lanyards are still important and common components of personal systems protecting against falls from a height. Experience with dynamic strength tests of lanyards indicates that test methods based on EN and ISO standards do not make objective assessment possible. This paper presents the results of theoretical and laboratory investigations of the performance of adjustable lanyards during fall arrest. The obtained results indicate that methods of testing and assessment based on those standards demonstrate considerable shortcomings when applied to low elongation lanyards. The assumptions for improved requirements and test methods of lanyards made of e.g., steel wire and aramid ropes are also presented.     

Calculation of Clothing Insulation by Serial and Parallel Methods: Effects on Clothing Choice by IREQ and Thermal Responses in the Cold

Cold protective clothing was studied in 2 European Union projects. The objectives were (a) to examine different insulation calculation methods as measured on a manikin (serial or parallel), for the prediction of cold stress (IREQ); (b) to consider the effects of cold protective clothing on metabolic rate; (c) to evaluate the movement and wind correction of clothing insulation values.

Tests were carried out on 8 subjects. The results showed the possibility of incorporating the effect of increases in metabolic rate values due to thick cold protective clothing into the IREQ model. Using the higher thermal insulation value from the serial method in the IREQ prediction, would lead to unacceptable cooling of the users. Thus, only the parallel insulation calculation method in EN 342:2004 should be used. The wind and motion correction equation (No. 2) gave realistic values for total resultant insulation; dynamic testing according to EN 342:2004 may be omitted.     

Dynamic Performance of Horizontal Flexible Anchor Lines During Fall Arrest— A Numerical Method of Simulation

Designing fall arrest systems, which contain horizontal flexible anchor lines is an important technical problem related to the safety of people who work at a height and need horizontal freedom of movement. The article presents a numerical simulation of the dynamic performance of horizontal flexible anchor lines during fall arrest. The model of a 2-component system—a horizontal flexible anchor line and a falling rigid mass, described with a second order non-linear differential equation—is the main element of this method. This method of simulation is realised by a computer program, which allows obtaining the most important data characterising a fall arrest. The article shows laboratory tests used for the verification of this method, which turned out to be a valuable source of information and which can be used for designing fall arrest systems.     

A Comparison of Skin Temperatures and Clothing Microclimate During Moderate Intermittent Exercise in the Cold Between One and Two Layers of Cotton and Polypropylene Underwear

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of 2 kinds of underwear made from hydrophobic and hydrophilic fabrics on the mean skin temperatures and clothing microclimate (temperature, humidity) in participants performing intermittent exercise in cold environmental conditions.

One or 2 layers of cotton underwear (C1, C2) with a 2-piece long-sleeved shirt and long-legged trousers, and 1 or 2 layers of polypropylene underwear (P1, P2) with a 2-piece long-sleeved shirt and long-legged trousers were used as experimental underwear. In addition, the participants wore a 2-piece ski suit as 100% polyester clothing including 100% polyester padding. Ten young adult females volunteered as participants. The experiments were performed in a climatic chamber at an ambient temperature (T_a) of 0°C and an air velocity of 0.26 m s^?1.

The major findings are summarized as follows: (a) Although the clothing microclimate humidity was not different within the ski suit of outer clothing between C1 and P1, it was significantly higher in P2 than in C2; (b) Clothing microclimate temperature inside the ski suit did not differ between C1 and P1, whereas it was significantly higher in P2 than in C2; (c) The thermal gradient between innermost and outermost of clothing microclimate at back level did not show any difference between C1 and P1, but it was significantly higher in C2 than in P2. These results are discussed in terms of thermal physiology and clothing sciences.     

The Effects of Local Cooling on Thermophysiological Response in Participants Wearing Dust-Free Garments

This study was designed to find the effects of two kinds of dust-free garments with (A) and without (B) frozen gel strip (FGS), and half-naked clothing (brassiere and shorts; C) on thermophysiological parameters and on temperature and humidity within clothing. The heart rate, rectal, and skin temperatures as well as sweat rate and clothing microclimate were measured during 140 min in 9 healthy females. Inquiries were also made into the subjective rating of thermal, humidity, and comfort sensations. The main findings in our experiments are as follows: (a) Physiological parameters such as rectal and skin temperatures (chest and forehead), heart rate, and sweat rate were clearly lowest in garb C, intermediate in garb A, and highest in garb B throughout the experiment; (b) Temperature and humidity within clothing were lower in garb A than in garb B; (c) More than half of the 9 participants decreased thermal sensation by wearing garb A. These results suggest that the usage of FGS could improve the heat load in lightly working participants wearing dust-free garments.     

电路板的大气污染物典型腐蚀分析及防护

目的 解决电路板在大气污染物环境下的腐蚀失效问题,提升电路板在大气污染环境中的适应性。方法 从器件选型角度,结合厚膜电阻和SMD LED两种电路板典型腐蚀失效案例,利用金相显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对腐蚀部位形貌分析,利用EDS能谱分析仪分析腐蚀元素和确定入侵路径。通过现场一年的应用对比验证,评价不同封装结构物料的抗腐蚀能力。从电路板涂覆涂层角度,利用恒定盐雾和交变盐雾对比试验,评价不同工艺参数涂层的抗腐蚀能力。结果 通过对厚膜电阻和SMD 硅胶封装LED失效样品的分析,硫元素从器件封装靠近镀银构件结构的薄弱点入侵,生成AgS,最终导致器件失效。带有抗硫化镀层的厚膜电阻和环氧树脂封装LED可以有效切断空气中硫元素的入侵路径,避免腐蚀失效发生。另一方面,通过168 h恒定盐雾和144 h交变盐雾试验结果的分析,随着涂覆厚度和材料黏度的增加,样品的抗盐雾能力得到有效提升,器件引脚位置得到更好的防护。结论 通过改变器件封装、增加涂层涂覆的厚度和材料黏度可以有效提高电路板抗大气污染物腐蚀的能力。该研究对电路板防腐蚀物料选型和涂层工艺参数选择提供了参考。     

广西凤山岩溶国家地质公园保护性生态旅游开发研究

凤山岩溶国家地质公园地质遗迹类型丰富、特征突出,地质遗迹价值珍贵,旅游开发潜力巨大。分析了凤山岩溶国家地质公园独特的资源优势,从环境解说体系、环境容量、生态旅游产品、低碳景区管理四个方面提出了保护性生态旅游开发构想。     

特种劳动防护用品生产企业基本情况统计分析

国家于2006年开始对21种特种劳动防护用品实行安全标志管理,到目前为止,已有786家特种劳动防护用品生产企业获得了安全标志许可证书。本文通过对786家获得安全标志许可证书的特种劳动防护用品生产企业的数量、分布、注册资金、人数以及产品种类等相关数据进行统计,分析了当前我国的劳动防护用品生产企业整体现状,即还处于水平较低、实力较弱的状态,并提出了加强劳动防护用品生产企业力量的措施和建议,包括降低劳动防护用品生产企业税负,发放低息贷款,加强科研经费的投入等。     

热环境中透气式防护服的舒适性评价指标研究

本文依据热环境下人体穿着透气式防护服的散热形式以及舒适性要求,提出了热环境下透气式防护服舒适性评价指标,为热环境下透气式防护服舒适性评价提供了依据。     

个体防护装备在火场勘验作业中的选用与管理

近年来,火灾调查人员的职业安全与健康问题已引起相关部门的重视。个体防护装备的合理正确选用在避免火场勘验作业伤害中起着至关重要的作用。因此,一线火调人员对个体防护装备需求的呼声越来越高。本文分析了火场勘验作业中常见的危险源,并根据各种危害类别及形式探讨火调人员个体防护装备的选用与管理,以期能够有效防止或减少火场勘验作业伤害事故的发生,保障火场勘验人员的生命健康,提高我国消防部队一线火调人员的整体战斗力。