Exploration and development of Iran's oilfields through buyback

The use of buyback for the development of oil and gas fields is an established mechanism in Iran. Current legislation authorizes the National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC) to use buyback for both exploration and development. The buyback scheme can be defined as a risk service contract, under which the contractor is paid back by being allocated a portion of oil/gas produced as a result of providing services. Buyback is based upon a defined scope of work, a capital cost ceiling, a fixed remuneration fee and a defined cost recovery period. When buyback is used for both exploration and development, the specifications of the field to be developed are unknown at the time of contracting and therefore agreement on the scope of work, duration of development operations, ceiling for capital costs, fixed remuneration fee, and duration of cost recovery need to be deferred to the time when a commercial field is discovered. This article first outlines the introduction of buyback for development of Iran's oil and gas fields. It then examines the main features of the mechanism. Third, the use of buyback for both exploration and development is explored and related challenges discussed. Finally, the article reviews the new buyback model proposed by NIOC to address these challenges.     

基于心理资本的机场安检员工作不安全感对工作绩效的影响

为研究机场安检员不安全感对工作绩效的影响,基于心理资本调节作用提出工作不安全感对工作绩效(任务绩效、周边绩效、适应绩效)影响研究假设,以机场安检员为研究样本进行纵向实证研究,运用多元层次回归分析法探究工作不安全感与3种工作绩效的作用路径及心理资本的调节效应。结果表明:工作不安全感与任务绩效、周边绩效、适应绩效3种工作绩效指标间存在纵向U形曲线关系,并且这种U形关系只存在于心理资本较低的机场安检员;心理资本在工作不安全感与工作绩效之间起调节作用;可开发的心理资本能够削弱机场安检员工作不安全感与工作绩效间的纵向曲线效应。研究结论可为改善机场安检员工作绩效管理模式、提升民航业安检运行水平提供参考。     

从说课看高职高专院校学情

高职高专学生由于特定的生理和心理特点,在选修体育课程过程中出现随群现象,学习积极性不高。通过说课对高职高专院校的学情加以分析,以便科学地、有目地、有针对性地安排教学内容,增强学生的自信心,提高他们的心理素质和身体素质。     

Long‐term effects of Hurricane Katrina on the psychological well‐being of evacuees

Hurricane Katrina of August 2005 forced more than one million people to evacuate the Gulf Coast of the United States. This study examines the psychological health and well‐being of a subset of evacuees to determine the prevalence of ongoing mental health problems. Interviews were conducted with 101 adults who evacuated to Louisville, Kentucky, and were living in the state at the one‐year anniversary of the event or had recently returned to the Gulf Coast. The psychological health and well‐being of respondents was evaluated using several well‐validated measures. More than one‐half met the criteria for post‐traumatic stress disorder and a majority were suffering from depression and anxiety. The mean quality of life score was 0.6 on a scale from 0–1, suggesting that adaptation and return to pre‐hurricane well‐being had not occurred 12 months after the storm. The potential for long‐term psychological damage exists in this sample of Hurricane Katrina evacuees. Results suggest other evacuees may also be at heightened risk.     

群体心理行为模拟的探讨

目前群体心理行为的计算机模拟的重要性日益显现,研究工作取得了一定成就．面临的巨大困难是如何建立一个可信的群体心理模型。笔者对群体心理行为模拟现状进行了介绍和分析。     

色彩心理与城市交通安全文化分析

城市交通采用什么色彩更适宜,是一个交通安全文化与色彩设计和谐的问题。为防止或减少因交通色彩无秩序、不和谐、无标准而导致的交通事故,对交通、色彩、环境与人这一复杂系统当中色彩作用于人的心理而引起的感性及生理上的反应与交通色彩安全问题做了分析,阐述了色彩心理效应对交通安全文化的要求,提出了控制对策,为今后城市交通安全色彩设计提供了基础研究。     

Risk factors and the psychological impacts of the COVID-19 outbreak: perspectives and experiences of Iranian healthcare workers on the frontline

Frontline healthcare workers (HCWs) looking after COVID-19 patients are at high risk of developing mental health problems. Both preventive and interventional initiatives are essential, therefore, to maintain and improve the mental health of HCWs and ultimately to enhance the quality of care that they provide. This qualitative content analysis study, conducted in Iran between September 2020 and February 2021, involved the gathering of data on the issue through face-to-face interviews with 22 HCWs working directly with COVID-19 patients. Data analysis led to the generation of 163 codes, 45 categories (16 risk factors and 29 consequences), and 9 themes. Overall, the results suggest that caring for a patient with COVID-19 is associated with positive and negative psychological impacts. Measures such as increasing sensitivity to crisis situations, self-adjustment skills training, and identifying signs of job burnout owing to moral conflicts can reduce or eliminate the risk of negative psychological consequences among HCWs.     

Supporting conservationists’ mental health through better working conditions

Biodiversity conservation work can be challenging but rewarding, and both aspects have potential consequences for conservationists’ mental health. Yet, little is known about patterns of mental health among conservationists and its associated workplace protective and risk factors. A better understanding might help improve working conditions, supporting conservationists’ job satisfaction, productivity, and engagement, while reducing costs from staff turnover, absenteeism, and presenteeism. We surveyed 2311 conservation professionals working in 122 countries through an internet survey shared via mailing lists, social media, and other channels. We asked them about experiences of psychological distress, working conditions, and personal characteristics. Over half were from and worked in Europe and North America, and most had a university-level education, were in desk-based academic and practitioner roles, and responded in English. Heavy workload, job demands, and organizational instability were linked to higher distress, but job stability and satisfaction with one's contributions to conservation were associated with lower distress. Respondents with low dispositional and conservation-specific optimism, poor physical health, and limited social support, women, and early-career professionals were most at risk of distress in our sample. Our results flag important risk factors that employers could consider, although further research is needed among groups underrepresented in our sample. Drawing on evidence-based occupational health interventions, we suggest measures that could promote better working conditions and thus may improve conservationists’ mental health and abilities to protect nature.     

煤矿安全从业人员心理测试指标体系研究

为了寻求有效解决煤矿安全人为事故屡禁不止问题的有效办法,探讨了煤矿作业对人提出的安全心理素质要求,对煤矿从业人员的心理因素与安全生产关系进行了工作分析与职务分析,建立了以能力与非能力因素为基本内容的心理测试指标体系,并对这一体系的科学性进行了验证.应用实践表明,该体系为从根本上解决煤矿安全问题提供了新的途径.