煤矿安全从业人员心理测试指标体系研究

为了寻求有效解决煤矿安全人为事故屡禁不止问题的有效办法,探讨了煤矿作业对人提出的安全心理素质要求,对煤矿从业人员的心理因素与安全生产关系进行了工作分析与职务分析,建立了以能力与非能力因素为基本内容的心理测试指标体系,并对这一体系的科学性进行了验证.应用实践表明,该体系为从根本上解决煤矿安全问题提供了新的途径.     

钢筋与混凝土界面的疲劳特性

钢筋与混凝土界面的脱粘是钢筋混凝土材料与结构的主要失效形式之一。针对建立的几何剪切筒模型和选取的常用实验加载方式,对3种不同损伤模型推导出循环荷载作用下钢筋与混凝土界面脱粘应力解析模型;借助描述疲劳裂纹扩展的Paris公式,进一步研究和分析了界面疲劳脱粘速率及界面疲劳裂纹扩展长度与循环加载次数的关系;同时分析了材料刚度衰减对疲劳裂纹扩展速率和扩展长度的影响。笔者对钢筋与混凝土界面的疲劳特性研究所建立的损伤模型和分析方法,为混凝土结构的安全设计及其寿命评估提供一个新思路。     

我院大学生心理状态分析及对策

通过对大学生心理调查问卷分析和来访资料进行整理,了解和把握大学生的心理现状及其成因,提出了帮助大学生正确而客观地认识自己和社会,帮助他们健康成长成材,引导大学生排解心理障碍,培养健康的心理素质的对策.     

在教育教学中,注重品德与心理健康的教育——初探青少年时期心理健康教育的方法

青少年在成长时期,在品德教育的同时,应注重心理健康的教育.特别是当今时代的发展,要求人的成长与发展是全方位的,尤其要具备良好的心理素质.为此,在现代教育教学中,要把心理教育纳入教育过程,积极探索心理教育的方式方法,提升青少年良好的心理素质,让青少年一代全面健康成长.     

生物膜反应器中生物膜脱落的机理及数学模型

生物膜法是一种高效的废水处理方法。对生物膜反应器中的生物膜形成、流体力学、传质以及反应动力学特性都做了较深入的研究。目前，在反应机理研究方面，生物膜的脱落是了解最少的，而反应器中生物膜的脱落对生物膜的形态、稳定性以及转化效率都有直接的影响，因此，生物膜脱落的研究具有十分重要的意义。介绍了生物膜反应器中生物膜脱落的过程及其机理，讨论了影响生物膜脱落的种种因素，并对有关研究生物膜脱落的数学模型作了总结和分析，最后提出了今后生物膜脱落研究的重点。     

The effect of positive work reflection during leisure time on affective well‐being: Results from three diary studies

Previous research showed that psychological detachment from work during leisure time is beneficial and that reflecting on negative aspects of work is detrimental for employees' well‐being. However, little is known about the role of positive reflection about work during leisure time. In the present research, we examined the effects of positive work reflection on affective well‐being. Additionally, we tested the effectiveness of an intervention to increase positive work reflection and to improve well‐being with a randomized controlled field experiment. Findings from three diary studies showed that positive work reflection was related to an increase in affective well‐being with regard to both positive and negative moods. The results further indicated that the benefits of positive work reflection were incremental to that of psychological detachment and the absence of negative work reflection. Contrary to our expectation, no evidence was found for the effectiveness of the intervention. Theoretical implications of main findings as well as supplementary findings are further discussed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The more I want,the less I have left to give: The moderating role of psychological entitlement on the relationship between psychological contract violation,depressive mood states,and citizenship behavior

Research has emphasized the negative effects of organizations' broken promises and failed obligations on employee attitudes and behaviors. However, not all employees respond in the same manner. This paper integrates research on psychological contracts and psychological entitlement to examine how individuals with exceedingly high demands and expectations react to a perceived letdown by the organization. Drawing on conservation of resources theory, we argue that a psychological contract violation is associated with employee depressive mood states, which, in turn, influence the amount of citizenship behavior displayed. We further posit that psychological entitlement moderates the link between contract violation and depressive mood states. Using Hayes' PROCESS macro to assess a moderated mediation model, findings from a multi‐source field study support our predictions. This research contributes to the work on psychological contracts and psychological entitlement on multiple fronts. Suggestions for future research and practical implications for managers are discussed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于心理资本的机场安检员工作不安全感对工作绩效的影响

为研究机场安检员不安全感对工作绩效的影响,基于心理资本调节作用提出工作不安全感对工作绩效(任务绩效、周边绩效、适应绩效)影响研究假设,以机场安检员为研究样本进行纵向实证研究,运用多元层次回归分析法探究工作不安全感与3种工作绩效的作用路径及心理资本的调节效应。结果表明:工作不安全感与任务绩效、周边绩效、适应绩效3种工作绩效指标间存在纵向U形曲线关系,并且这种U形关系只存在于心理资本较低的机场安检员;心理资本在工作不安全感与工作绩效之间起调节作用;可开发的心理资本能够削弱机场安检员工作不安全感与工作绩效间的纵向曲线效应。研究结论可为改善机场安检员工作绩效管理模式、提升民航业安检运行水平提供参考。     

应激大鼠脾脏内诱导型一氧化氮合酶活性变化及其意义

在捕食压力下,大鼠脾脏诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)明显表达,说明iNOS起到了重要的生理功能,然而,NOS的表达及在亚细胞水平的定位以及相应的差异变化等都很不明确,本试验采用捕食应激模型,利用免疫组织化学方法和生化测定,检测心理性应激对大鼠脾脏iNOS活性的影响及探讨这种影响与应激动物免疫力下降之间的关系.结果表明iNOS免疫阳性细胞表达部位集中于脾脏的红髓和边缘区,白髓中几乎没有.与对照组相比,在应激1~12d的过程中,应激组大鼠脾脏内iNOS的活性逐渐升高,至d12最为显著(P<0.01).但在后期应激13~30d,脾内iNOS的表达又逐渐减少.生化测定结果表明,NOS和NO的含量变化与iNOS的活性变化相似,在心理性应激早中期较高,至d12最为显著(P<0.01),而到中后期则逐渐降低.结果提示,iNOS活性程度与动物心理应激程度密切相关;应激过程中大鼠脾脏内由于iNOS的活性增加导致产生过量的NO,这可能与应激导致大鼠免疫力下降有关.图1表2参10     

Parental reaction and adaptability to the prenatal diagnosis of fetal defect or genetic disease leading to pregnancy interruption

The objective of the study was to evaluate the psychological reaction of two groups of parents to a pregnancy termination after they had undergone a prenatal diagnostic procedure. The analysis involved interviews with a study group of 76 patients who were at risk of giving birth to a child with a genetic disease or defect and a comparison group of 124 who had a pregnancy termination after a major anomaly had been detected by routine ultrasound and who were not at known risk for a genetic disease. Only patients in the study group had received counselling before the prenatal diagnosis and were aware that the fetus could be affected. The overall reaction of the comparison group was one of shock, denial of fetal abnormality, and guilt over ‘abandoning the fetus’. A feeling of guilt was expressed by patients in the comparison group (73 per cent versus 29 per cent) in the period immediately following the interruption. One-third of patients in both groups felt obliged to undergo a therapeutic abortion. More patients in the study group than in the comparison group expressed the need to see a psychiatrist at the time of the study (19 per cent versus 7 per cent) and viewed future pregnancies as a replacement for the lost pregnancy (63 per cent versus 19 per cent). The recommendations of the study focus on information sessions to personnel, nursing support, analgesia during the expulsion period, an atmosphere of respect that should be present at the time that the fetus is viewed, the anticipation of mourning, and the long-term follow-up of the couple to ensure that counselling for future pregnancies and psychological support are provided when needed.