日用化学产品制造业产排污量核算系数手册的修订

通过分析日用化学产品制造业5个小类行业污染物产排情况,采集样本企业污染物指标数据模拟计算得出相应污染物指标的产排污量核算系数.系数涵盖了12个主要污染物指标,并按照16种产品类别组合编制系数手册,为第二次全国污染源普查统计提供参考.该核算系数手册是对第一次全国污染源普查中系数手册的修订与增补,以期更为系统、科学地量化日...     

C4ISR系统电磁脉冲防护方法

随着科技的发展,在现代高技术条件下的局部战争中,C4ISR(指挥自动化)系统的作用越来越重要,其面临的威胁也越来越大,介绍了电磁脉冲防护的重要意义,着重探讨了复杂的电磁环境对C4ISR系统设备的影响,并从电磁脉冲的作用方式入手深入地分析了其作用机理,针对强电磁脉冲的作用提出了屏蔽、频域控制及时间回避等5种防护方法。     

Effects of warm water inflows on the dispersion of pollutants in small reservoirs

The effects of the warm water discharged by a nuclear power plant (NPP) into a small reservoir are studied. A case study is presented (José Cabrera NPP-Zorita Hidráulica Reservoir) with experimental data of the reservoir stratification and predicted data of the dispersion of radioactive pollutants from operative or accidental releases. The vertical and longitudinal temperature profiles, electrical conductivity and transparency of the reservoir water were measured for an annual cycle. The results indicate that the continuous warm water discharge from the NPP causes permanent and artificial reservoir stratification. The stratification is significant within 1500 m upstream and 1000 m downstream from the warm water outfall. The pollutant dispersion has been predicted by using a flow model based on N(T) perfect-mixing compartments in series with feedback. The model parameter, N(T), is calculated from the longitudinal diffusion coefficient. The prediction of pollutant dispersion by means of this model shows that the stratification slows down the vertical mixing in the whole water body, and reduces the reservoir volume that is effective for the dilution and dispersion of pollutants. This means that, in the case of a radioactive pollutant release, the reservoir radioactivity level could increase significantly.     

复叠机组低温机排气冷却器的必要性及计算

复叠机组低温机排气温度较高,容易引起各种损害,特别是造成分油不良,油在蒸发器存入过多,影响换热,从而使蒸发温度降低,使回油更加困难,且较低的蒸发温度会造成更大的排气过热,如此形成恶性循环.因此在低温机排气加装排气冷却器,及冷却器的正确选择计算是重要的.本文就此项问题提出一种冷却器结构及计算方法.     

冷电弧技术脱除甲醛气体

自行研制了平板式介质阻挡放电冷电弧装置,探讨了施加电压、气体流量、甲醛初始浓度和不同设备形式对甲醛气体脱除率的影响。结果表明:在电极间距1.6 cm、施加电压20 kV、气体流量667 mL/min、甲醛初始浓度为50.0 mg/m3以及添加涂有TiO2膜的陶瓷拉西环催化剂的条件下,甲醛的脱除率可以达到90%以上。     

国家污染源监测数据管理系统构建

针对全国污染源监测数据管理和应用需求,设计了一套污染源监测数据指标集,分析了污染源排放达标评价对象及评价结果表征方法,突破了建立电子化排放标准库、数据录入全过程多层次质量控制等关键技术,并在需求分析、功能设计和技术方案选择的基础上,开发了覆盖国家、省、市3级应用的污染源监测数据管理信息软件平台,取得了很好的应用效果。     

Applicability of high rate transpiration system for treatment of biologically treated distillery effluent

The biologically treated distillery effluent (BTDE) contains intense colour, high total dissolved solids (TDS), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). These properties even after primary, secondary and tertiary treatments contain high concentrations of TDS, COD and BOD. The paper highlights the safe disposal and treatment of BTDE on land through High Rate Transpiration System (HRTS). HRTS is a zero discharge, low cost, high-tech method for improving the quality of BTDE for potential reuse. The experiments conducted at bench and pilot scale showed that HRTS having coconut husk as a bedding material could successfully treat the BTDE with a hydraulic load of 200 m³ ha⁻¹ day⁻¹ having BOD of 100 mg l⁻¹ and 500 m³ ha⁻¹ day⁻¹ having BOD of 500 mg l⁻¹ with average COD load of 0.686 and 2.88 ton ha⁻¹ day⁻¹ during the post and pre monsoon periods respectively. There was no significant increase in the organic carbon of the soil irrigated with BTDE. The concentrations of various pollutants analyzed in the leachate were within the prescribed limit for the drinking water sources. The colour removal was 99 to 100% and BOD and COD were possible to treat with optimum hydraulic loading of BTDE through HRTS planted with Dendrocalamus strictus.     

介质阻挡放电等离子体洗消芥子气染毒空气的研究

采用板-板式介质阻挡放电反应器对芥子气的模拟剂2-氯乙基乙基硫醚(2-Chloroethyl ethyl sulfide,2-CEES)进行洗消实验研究,并探讨了放电功率和气体流量对洗消率的影响.研究发现,在放电功率70W、气体流量75L·h-1的条件下对初始浓度0～280 mg·m-3的染毒空气洗消效果较好.因此,在该条件下,对芥子气染毒空气进行深入洗消研究.结果表明,当初始浓度低于150.2 mg·m-3时洗消后尾气的残余浓度低于安全允许浓度(0.0083mg·m-3).同时,采用GC-MS和离子色谱对洗消产物进行分析,发现介质阻挡放电等离子体将芥子气分解成H2O、CO2、SO3、HCl、芥子砜(ClCH2 CH2 SO2 CH2 CH2 Cl)和芥子亚砜(ClCH2 CH2 SOCH2 CH2Cl)等.     

介质阻挡放电降解流动态二甲基二硫废气

采用介质阻挡放电等离子体技术(Dielectric Barrier Discharge,DBD)处理常压下流动态气体中的有机硫恶臭气体二甲基二硫(Dimethyl Disulfide,DMDS).研究了不同停留时间、进气浓度及外施电压条件下DMDS的转化,推导了DBD处理DMDS的动力学模型,并根据傅立叶红外(FT-IR)产物分析探讨了反应机理.研究结果表明,DMDS降解产物主要为CO2、SO2和H2O.在停留时间0.067 s、外施电压7500 V、进气量8.4m3·h-1的条件下,进气浓度为80 mg·m-3 DMDS的降解率达到64.3%,体积降解比量为2.26×10-2L·s-1·W-1,绝对处理量达到430 mg·h-1.     

高压脉冲放电-臭氧氧化处理活性艳红K-2BP废水

自制电压为10kV的高压脉冲放电反应器,对质量浓度为200mg／L的模拟活性艳红K-2BP废水进行脱色和去除COD实验。实验结果表明：通氧气高压脉冲放电与高压脉冲放电相比,废水脱色率提高了1．3％,约为6％,COD去除率提高了3％,达14％;高压脉冲放电协同臭氧氧化与臭氧氧化相比,反应初期废水脱色率提高了约10％,反应30min后废水脱色率均达99％以上,COD去除率提高了15．2％,达80％。向废水中加入Na2CO3可使COD去除率明显下降;加入NaCl,在臭氧氧化条件下,COD去除率由66．86％降至58．86％;而加入Na2SO4后COD去除率升至81．70％。