Microplastics in municipal wastewater treatment plants: a case study of Denizli/Turkey

● High amounts of microplastics are released to receiving media from WWTPs. ● The effect of classical treatment processes on MP removal is important. ● MP load in the effluent of WWTPs is important for developing treatment technology. ● Additional physical treatment could help further reduce MP discharge. Plastic particles smaller than 5 mm are microplastics. They are among the significant pollutants that recently attracted attention. Great quantities of microplastics enter the sewage system daily and reach wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). As a result, WWTPs are potential microplastic sources. Hence, they create a pathway for microplastics to reach aquatic environments with treated wastewater discharge. Studies on microplastic characterization in WWTPs have gained momentum in academia. This study investigates the abundance, size, shape, color, polymer type, and removal efficiencies of microplastics in a municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Denizli/Turkey. The results showed that the dominant microplastic shape in wastewater samples was fibers (41.78%–60.77%) in the 100–500 µm (58.57%–80.07%) size range. Most of the microplastics were transparent-white (32.86%–58.93%). The dominant polymer types were polyethylene (54.05%) and polyethylene vinyl acetate (37.84%) in raw wastewater. Furthermore, the microplastic removal efficiencies of the Denizli Central WWTP as a whole and for individual treatment units were evaluated. Although the microplastic pollution removal efficiency of the Denizli Central WWTP was over 95%, the microplastic concentration discharged daily into the receiving environment was considerably high (1.28 × 10¹⁰ MP/d). Thus, Denizli Central WWTP effluents result in a high volume of emissions in terms of microplastic pollution with a significant daily discharge to the Çürüksu Stream.     

高压电弧放电处理偶氮染料废水

用高压电弧放电产生的低温等离子体对含偶氮染料的废水进行了处理,以甲基橙为例研究了电压幅值、处理时间、溶液初始浓度、溶液初始pH值、投加Fe^2＋和Fe^3＋对染料脱色的影响。实验结果表明,甲基橙浓度为50mg／L时其降解率随时间和电压幅值的增加而增加。溶液初始浓度对染料去除效果影响较为明显,同等条件下初始浓度越低降解率越高。酸性条件下有利于低温等离子体处理甲基橙。Fe^2＋和Fe^3＋对低温等离子体降解甲基橙有一定的催化作用。电压8kV处理3min,Fe^2＋为20mg／L时去除率由89．64％增至99．72％。Fe2（SO4）,的最佳投加量为5mg／L（以Fe^3＋计）,而FeCl,的最佳投加量为80mg／L（以Fe^3＋计）。     

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in soils along a rural-urban-rural transect: sources, concentration gradients, and profiles

This study reports concentrations of PBDEs in surface soil samples collected along a 140 km transect across Kuwait to assess the role of urban centers as sources of persistent organic pollutants to the surrounding environment. The ΣPBDE concentrations varied by a factor of ∼250 and ranged from 289 to 80,078 pg g⁻¹ d.w. The concentrations of PBDEs in Kuwait City were significantly higher (p < 0.01) than those collected from sites outside the city supporting the hypothesis that urban centers are sources of PBDEs. The congener profiles were dominated by BDE-209, accounting for 93% of the PBDEs in the soil samples. The concentrations of all congeners (except BDE-209) were highly correlated with percent organic carbon (%OC) (p > 0.05) when the data from Kuwait City was omitted from the analysis. These findings suggest that soil concentrations outside the urban centers were close to equilibrium with the atmosphere.     

温升包络线在核电站温排水监测中的应用

采用核电站温排水遥感监测影像叠加合并方法提取温升包络线,监测核电站附近海域海表温升数据,确定核电温排水的影响范围,对海面温升面积进行计算,判断核电站温排水是否符合我国相关海洋空间管理标准。以某核电站实例表明,通过遥感监测获得的温升包络线在核电站温排水监测中具有应用价值。     

深圳市政污水排海工程排污混合区范围的确定

应用全场数学模型模拟了深圳排海的市政污水中悬浮物、化学需氧量、无机氮、活性磷酸盐及大肠菌群5个污染因子在海域大潮和小潮时对海域面积的影响。指出在不同水文条件和23m^3/d排放量下，不同质量浓度的活性磷酸盐和大肠菌群超过Ⅲ类海水水质标准的影响面积在大潮时分别为0.04km^2和7.72km^2，小潮时分别大于0.08km^2和6.16km^2；无机氮由于海水本底值较高，使得这一指标在全海域内超过Ⅲ类海水水质标准；而化学需氧量和总悬浮物质量浓度符合Ⅲ类海水水质标准。通过将现场监测资料用数模计算，提出排海污水混合区面积为1.5km^2。同时还引用部分国外的计算公式，对几种混合区允许范围进行了估算。     

老化用微波功率信号源的研制

本文以L波段信号源为例,介绍了微波器件和放大器射频老化时常用的微波脉冲信号源的设计与制做,并获得了实用结果。     

天津城市排污河道沉积物中重金属含量及分布特征

测定了天津大沽排污河沉积物和底部原状土壤中重金属及As、Fe、TN、TP和有机质的含量,采用相对富集系数、相关分析等方法,研究其重金属污染特征.结果表明,沉积物中重金属污染相当严重,底部原状土壤污染较小.Hg、Cd、Zn和Pb富集最严重,Cr、Ni和As富集水平较低,Hg、Cd、Zn和Pb相对富集系数(REF)在沉积物中分别为59.3、25.4、14.5和7.5,在原状土壤中分别为8.44、5.19、6.6和3.3.各沉积物采样点中重金属含量差别较大,变异系数(CV)在74.4%～110.8%之间,津涞公路断面和新城桥2个采样点污染最严重.沉积物的重金属含量与原状土壤的重金属含量之间没有相关性,沉积物中重金属元素之间的相关性也较差;但在底部原状土壤中,Hg、Cd、Zn和Pb之间的相关性强,其与OM和TP的相关性也较强,Cr、Ni和As与OM和TP的相关性差,Hg、Cd、Zn和Pb具有相似的环境地球化学行为,明显受到人类活动的影响.与天津市主要河流相比,大沽排污河沉积物中重金属污染最为严重.     

烟尘由浓度控制向总量控制的初步探讨

煤烟型污染是我国我省也是我市大气污染的重要因素。控制烟尘污染源的排放浓度,虽对减轻污染,促进治理起了很大作用,但不能防止污染点源密集、大气环境容量严重超出的地区不可避免造成污染负荷增加;不能促使大气环境质量有明显改善。本文对日照市城区的烟尘污染源排放由浓度控制向总量控制过渡进行初步探讨。     

浓密尾矿管道输送的研究现状及展望

为掌握浓密尾矿管道输送中的流动规律及阻力特性,对国内外现有研究成果进行了综述,以尾矿颗粒的粒径尺寸和分布特征为切入点,分析了颗粒-颗粒、颗粒-流体间的相互作用,提出将浓密尾矿管道输送划分为均质结构流和复合流动两种模式,分别对不同模式下浆体流变性质、颗粒运移行为、流动型态及阻力特性方面的研究成果和最新进展进行了评述。结果表明:均匀细颗粒(d dc)浓密尾矿可视为由细颗粒介质与离散粗颗粒组成的复合流体,粗颗粒具有"剪切沉降"效应,介质屈服应力较小(τy<5τyc)时,浆体在管道内分层流动,管流阻力可通过两层流模型进行分析。     

新型电磁脉冲阀的性能特点及应用

阐述了袋式除尘器的配件新型电磁脉冲阀的工作原理及性能特点,它突破了脉冲阀沿用了几十年橡胶膜片的传统,并介绍了新型电磁脉冲阀的试用情况。