用超声气浮—BAF组合工艺处理油田稠油污水

利用超声气浮处理机对稠油油田污水进行的室内试验研究结果表明,超声气浮工艺对污水中COD的去除效果不明显,去除率只有23.0%。但是,经超声气浮处理后,污水的可生化性明显得到改善,BOD5/CODcr值由0.18上升到0.31,这为稠油污水的二级生化处理创造了条件。稠油污水经超声气浮-BAF组合工艺处理后,出水水质可达到国家GB8978-1996一级标准的水质要求。     

高密度电阻率法在排石场稳定性评价中的应用

简述了高密度电阻率法的工作原理。在将高密度电阻率法实际应用于排石场的稳定性评价中时,根据各种装置的特点和T、λ参数对高低电阻率的表征特性,进行了多装置及多参数的探测。通过对各二维反演视电阻率成果图的综合对比和解释,划分出了存在地质隐患的区段。经钻孔验证,效果很好。结果表明通过高密度电阻率法多装置、多参数勘探,可以确定地下介质的电阻率及其电阻率特征,进而对排石场的稳定性做出评价,对同类地质情况的监测、预警,也是行之有效的。     

电除尘器及其电离荷电机制的研究新进展

详细介绍了电除尘技术研究现状、现存问题及其研究趋势.目前电除尘技术的理论尚不完备,属于经验工程的学科,电除尘器的技术性能优劣取决于设计命中率.为此,论述烟尘荷电凝聚机制并研究电离放电通道中的带电粒子复合问题及其输运特性等,以便解决除尘电场中的电离占空比、输运项甚低等问题;研究了烟尘荷电、凝聚的物理过程,以便进一步提高电除尘器的性能.     

我国排污收费制度及其价格体系的改革

目前,我国现行的单因子超标排污收费制度及其价格体系已不能适应现有的体制变化和日益发展的环境管理需要。本文阐述了尽快建立一个与当今市场机制相适应的、适合我国总量控制要求的多因子收费制度的重要性、迫切性与可行性,实现污染者直接承担其污染行为的全部责任;提出了制定动态、有效的收费价格体系的改革原则、构想与方法。     

A TECHNIQUE TO RECONSTRUCT RIVER DISCHARGE HISTORY FROM TREE-RINGS1

ABSTRACT: Cores were obtained from several tree species located both on a river floodplain and a nearby terrace. A ratio of annual tree growth on floodplains to terrace growth was developed and shown to be related to the annual river discharge. Growth ratios from the time prior to written records can therefore be used to reconstruct river discharge and infer past unrecorded flood frequency. Oak and basswood ratios yielded the best models for discharge reconstruction, whereas those of elm and birch were less useful. This method permits reconstruction of river discharge from an assemblage of growth cores obtained within a relatively small area.     

VARIABLE DISCHARGE TYPE CURVE SOLUTIONS FOR CONFINED AQUIFERS1

ABSTRACT: Almost all of the existing solutions of aquifer test analysis assume constant discharge rate boundary conditions. In many actual pumping tests, constant discharge cannot be maintained. This paper presents a general solution for an aquifer test with variable discharge. The exact solution of drawdown distribution around an infinitesimally small diameter well in a uniform, horizontal, extensive, homogeneous, and isotropic confined aquifer is presented when the discharge changes with time during the aquifer test period. A general equation for the type curves resulting from any discharge variability is given, and its application for the exponential changes is presented in detail. A simple straight line procedure is proposed for field applications by considering late time drawdown data. The consideration of constant discharge leads to overestimation of transmissivity but storativity is underestimated. Practical application of the discharge variability is illustrated by a field example.     

AVERAGE DISCHARGE,PERENNIAL FLOW INITIATION,AND CHANNEL INITIATION ‐ SMALL SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN BASINS1

ABSTRACT: Regional average evapotranspiration estimates developed by water balance techniques are frequently used to estimate average discharge in ungaged streams. However, the lower stream size range for the validity of these techniques has not been explored. Flow records were collected and evaluated for 16 small streams in the Southern Appalachians to test whether the relationship between average discharge and drainage area in streams draining less than 200 acres was consistent with that of larger basins in the size range (> 10 square miles) typically gaged by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). This study was designed to evaluate predictors of average discharge in small ungaged streams for regulatory purposes, since many stream regulations, as well as recommendations for best management practices, are based on measures of stream size, including average discharge. The average discharge/drainage area relationship determined from gages on large streams held true down to the perennial flow initiation point. For the southern Appalachians, basin size corresponding to perennial flow is approximately 19 acres, ranging from 11 to 32 acres. There was a strong linear relationship (R²= 0.85) between average discharge and drainage area for all streams draining between 16 and 200 acres, and the average discharge for these streams was consistent with that predicted by the USGS Unit Area Runoff Map for Georgia. Drainage area was deemed an accurate predictor of average discharge, even in very small streams. Channel morphological features, such as active channel width, cross‐sectional area, and bankfull flow predicted from Manning's equation, were not accurate predictors of average discharge. Monthly baseflow statistics also were poor predictors of average discharge.     

电感性本质安全电路L/R的选择原则

基于电感性本质安全电路放电电流线性衰减模型,引入最小建弧电压的概念,得到了放电时间不含未知参数的表达式,利用电感电路的本质安全性能判别式,确定了电感电阻比L/R的选取原则.     

高炉煤气全干式布袋除尘净化技术

通过对国内外大中型高炉煤气除尘系统的分析比较，对高炉煤气除尘系统几个重大技术问题提出自己的见解，并指出新建、改建、扩建大中型高炉为避免重复投资，应不建湿式除尘系统备用，而向建干式布袋除尘方向发展。     

云应地区制盐行业废水零排放的可行性论证与实施方案

根据井矿盐生产工艺特点及云应地区实际，分析了冲渣除尘水、冷却水和工艺废水循环使用的可能性，论证了云应地区制盐行业实现废水零排放的可行性，并提出了实现零排放的具体建议。