AVERAGE DISCHARGE,PERENNIAL FLOW INITIATION,AND CHANNEL INITIATION ‐ SMALL SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN BASINS1

ABSTRACT: Regional average evapotranspiration estimates developed by water balance techniques are frequently used to estimate average discharge in ungaged streams. However, the lower stream size range for the validity of these techniques has not been explored. Flow records were collected and evaluated for 16 small streams in the Southern Appalachians to test whether the relationship between average discharge and drainage area in streams draining less than 200 acres was consistent with that of larger basins in the size range (> 10 square miles) typically gaged by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). This study was designed to evaluate predictors of average discharge in small ungaged streams for regulatory purposes, since many stream regulations, as well as recommendations for best management practices, are based on measures of stream size, including average discharge. The average discharge/drainage area relationship determined from gages on large streams held true down to the perennial flow initiation point. For the southern Appalachians, basin size corresponding to perennial flow is approximately 19 acres, ranging from 11 to 32 acres. There was a strong linear relationship (R²= 0.85) between average discharge and drainage area for all streams draining between 16 and 200 acres, and the average discharge for these streams was consistent with that predicted by the USGS Unit Area Runoff Map for Georgia. Drainage area was deemed an accurate predictor of average discharge, even in very small streams. Channel morphological features, such as active channel width, cross‐sectional area, and bankfull flow predicted from Manning's equation, were not accurate predictors of average discharge. Monthly baseflow statistics also were poor predictors of average discharge.     

云应地区制盐行业废水零排放的可行性论证与实施方案

根据井矿盐生产工艺特点及云应地区实际，分析了冲渣除尘水、冷却水和工艺废水循环使用的可能性，论证了云应地区制盐行业实现废水零排放的可行性，并提出了实现零排放的具体建议。     

受限空间脉冲细水雾灭火数值模拟

为研究脉冲细水雾灭火效果和灭火机理,采用FDS软件对连续和脉冲细水雾熄灭受限空间油盘火进行了数值模拟。通过模拟和理论分析确定了脉冲细水雾周期为8 s开启、8 s暂停,并设置了冷却和窒息两种灭火条件,对两种细水雾熄灭不同尺寸的柴油池火进行了研究。结果表明:连续细水雾无法熄灭直径15 cm和20 cm的小尺寸油盘火,对直径25 cm中尺寸油盘火的灭火机理为冷却,对直径为30cm和35 cm大尺寸油盘火的灭火机理为窒息;脉冲细水雾能够熄灭不同尺寸的油盘火,且灭火效率高,火焰熄灭均发生在喷头暂停喷水期间,灭火机理为水雾蒸发稀释氧气而窒息。     

气箱脉冲袋式收尘器及其应用

介绍了气箱脉冲袋式收尘器的结构、特点,清灰过程分析以及不同条件下的应用实例。     

Investigations on removal of SO2 from flue gas by aerosol formation in pulsed corona discharge process

The removal of SO₂ from flue gas by pulsed corona discharge in presence of ammonia was experimentally investigated. The results showed that the SO₂ removal mainly depends on thermal reaction of SO₂ with NH₃ and enhancements of 0%—25% by pulsed corona discharge in the range of the specific energy 0—5 Wh/Nm³. The aerosol mass concentration, mainly composed of ammonium sulfate, increased with specific energy dissipated into the reactor. With an initial concentration of 2000—2100 ppmv SO₂ and energy consumption of 3 Wh/Nm³, when a stoichiometric amount of ammonia is injected, the removal efficiency of SO₂ and percentage of ammonium sulfates in reaction products are all ≥80%. The collection efficiency of the reactor for aerosol is about 74% at a flue gas temperature of 60 to 65℃ and a water vapor content of 9% to 11% volume.     

采用分级配风燃烧器降低 NOx排放

二甲苯塔底再沸炉采用引进的分级配风燃烧器。对分级配风燃烧器的结构、性能及使用过程中存在的问题做了详细的分析。通过与国产化改进后喷嘴的性能比较，说明了改造是成功的，节约了设备采购费用和操作费用，烟气中NOx含量远低于要求的排放标准。     

小排放量印花废水处理工程实例分析

介绍了采用电解絮凝气浮工艺处理小排放量的印花废水的工程实例,该工艺具有运行稳定、操作简单、运行费用低的特点.     

沈阳市实施总量控制与排污许可证制度的探讨

文中阐述了沈阳市总量控制工作进展的基础上，针对目前无序排放污染物的混乱局面，讨论有效的治理方案，并进一步提出沈阳市实行总量控制、排污许可证和排污交易的方法和步骤。     

不同方式污水排海对海水水质的影响

污水排海主要有岸边直排和深海排放两种方式，本文以深圳下沙海域为例，采用数值模拟的方法，对污水岸边排放和在500m及1000m不同距离的深海排放进行了计算和分析，结果表明，在一般水动力条件下，污水排放距岸越远，对海水水质的影响越水，岸边直排以近岸海域影响最大。     

数字地震台网脉冲标定自动检测软件

为了保证数字遥测地震台网的地震监测和速报质量,在<地震观测技术规范>规定各遥测台站要每天(甚宽带要每月)定时进行脉冲标定,并每天检查脉冲标定的幅度和周期变化,当发现脉冲标定波形的周期发生明显变化或脉冲幅度变化＞5%时,应及时检查修复.以前天津台网定时进行脉冲标定,但脉冲标定周期和幅度都是通过值班人员人工检测,并记录在值班日志上的方法进行检查的.现在我们编写了<脉冲标定自动检测软件>,软件每天能自动完成检测并将结果通过对话框的方式显示在微机上,使这项手工费时费力的检测工作变成抄表式操作.