施工现场固体废弃物产生量估算

以新建建筑产生的固体废弃物为研究对象，将改进的材料跟踪法、基于R语言的算法和数据挖掘技术相结合，合理规避了传统方法中数据提取粗糙与数据获取主观性强的问题.同时，通过现场调研获取全国不同区域新建居住建筑的基础数据，进行实证分析.结果表明，施工现场废弃混凝土、废弃钢筋、废弃砌块产生率的典型值分别为3.28%，2.88%，3.33%，代表区间分别为（0.6144%，5.9456%），（0.622%，5.138%），（0.6103%，6.02%）.与已有数据对比发现，我国新建建筑中固体废弃物产生率高于定额损耗率，固废管理水平存在区域性差异，呈"沿海高、内地低"的态势，且整体减量化水平亟待提高.     

某机场高填方体地基混合土压缩变形参数量化剖析

从场区所发育混合土的特征入手,首先进行混合土的现场天然密度测定,然后系统地阐述天然混合土压缩变形试验全过程的关键技术,即荷载等级设置、正应力荷载等级稳定时间与稳定量级、天然状态压缩变形试验s- t、p-s曲线特征、利用时间平方根法求算固结系数G_v等,形成了一套较为完整的混合土压缩变形参数量化技术, 为类似的压缩变形试验提供了完整的参数量化操作方法,具有一定的参考价值。     

环境影响评价因子的筛选

建设项目环境影响评价因子应从污染物的等标污染负荷、影响的范围、影响可恢复性、环境质量现状和社会关注度 5方面综合考虑 ,采用层次分析法确定了这 5个因素的权重 ,对各污染因子进行分级予以定量打分 ,按得分进行环境影响评价因子筛选。     

向性能化防火规范转变应注意的几个问题

介绍了性能化建筑防火规范产生的背景以及国内外的发展概况。在对国外一些性能化经验进行总结的基础上,重点从建筑物防火安全水平的量化、性能化设计的不确定性、性能化设计方案的验证以及性能化文件的编制和性能化建筑设计、施工到使用各个环节的连续性等方面,讨论了从处方式防火规范向性能化防火规范转变时应该注意的几个问题。结合中国的具体情况,指出其在发展性能化规范中应着力解决的几个问题:正确处理处方式规范和性能化规范两者的关系;积极推动消防相关产品的发展;解决资金来源,加大经费投入;制定工程惯例或设计导则等。     

Dissolution of beryllium in artificial lung alveolar macrophage phagolysosomal fluid

Dissolution of a lung burden of poorly soluble beryllium particles is hypothesized to be necessary for development of chronic beryllium lung disease (CBD) in humans. As such, particle dissolution rate must be sufficient to activate the lung immune response and dissolution lifetime sufficient to maintain chronic inflammation for months to years to support development of disease. The purpose of this research was to investigate the hypothesis that poorly soluble beryllium compounds release ions via dissolution in lung fluid. Dissolution kinetics of 17 poorly soluble particulate beryllium materials that span extraction through ceramics machining (ores, hydroxide, metal, copper-beryllium [CuBe] fume, oxides) and three CuBe alloy reference materials (chips, solid block) were measured over 31 d using artificial lung alveolar macrophage phagolysosomal fluid (pH 4.5). Differences in beryllium-containing particle physicochemical properties translated into differences in dissolution rates and lifetimes in artificial phagolysosomal fluid. Among all materials, dissolution rate constant values ranged from 10⁻⁵ to 10⁻¹⁰ g cm⁻² d⁻¹ and half-times ranged from tens to thousands of days. The presence of magnesium trisilicate in some beryllium oxide materials may have slowed dissolution rates. Materials associated with elevated prevalence of CBD had faster beryllium dissolution rates [10⁻⁷-10⁻⁸ g cm⁻² d⁻¹] than materials not associated with elevated prevalence (p < 0.05).     

两段UASB工艺处理高浓度甲醇废水的试验研究

采用两段中温UASB工艺处理高浓度甲醇废水 ,结果表明 ,当系统CODCr容积负荷高达 2 6 8kg m3·d时 ,CODCr去除率维持在 90 %以上 ,两反应器运行稳定 ,抗冲击能力强 ;继续提高负荷 ,甲醇转化为乙酸的途径将逐渐取代甲醇直接生成甲烷的途径 ,两反应器中有机酸浓度逐渐升高 ,pH值逐渐降低。正常运行过程中 ,一段、二段UASB反应器的pH值分别在 4 9～ 5 8、5 5～ 6 2之间 ,碱度分别在 90～ 2 3 0mg L、110～ 3 0 0mg L之间 ,ORP分别在 - 3 10～ - 2 2 0mV、- 3 90～ - 2 90mV之间。本系统主要生态因子的变化范围与处理其他废水的两段厌氧系统有很大的差异性 ,这是由甲醇废水本身的简单性、易降解性等决定的     

矿井冒顶危险性评价新方法

用数量化理论（Ⅱ）[1]研究了矿井冒顶危险性评价问题，建立了一个实用的矿井冒顶危险性评价模型；并通过项目贡献分析，提出了一套降低冒顶危险程度的安全对策。     

Simultaneous size characterization and mass quantification of the in vivo core-biocorona structure and dissolved species of silver nanoparticles

Size characterization of silver nanoparticles with biomolecule corona(AgNP@BCs) and mass quantification of various silver species in organisms are essential for understanding the in vivo transformation of Ag NPs. Herein, we report a versatile method that allows simultaneous determination of the size of AgNP@BCs and mass concentration of various silver species in rat liver. Both particulate and ionic silver were extracted in their original forms from the organs by alkaline digestion, and analyzed by size exclusion chromatography combined with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(SEC-ICP-MS). While the silver mass concentrations were quantified by ICP-MS with a detection limit of 0.1 μg/g, the effective diameter of AgNP@BCs was determined based on the retention time in SEC separation with size discrimination of 0.6-3.3 nm. More importantly, we found that the BC thickness of AgNP@BCs is core size independent, and a linear correlation was found between the effective diameter and core diameter of AgNP@BCs in extracted tissues, which was used to calibrate the core diameter with standard deviations in the range of 0.2-1.1 nm. The utility of this strategy was demonstrated through application to rat livers in vivo. Our method is powerful for investigating the transformation mechanism of Ag NPs in vivo.     

基于RBF的起重作业岗位人因可靠性预测

为提高起重作业可靠性,防止人因失误酿成事故,针对人因失误的随机性、模糊性和不确定性特点,提出运用具有非线性映射能力和容错能力的径向基函数(RBF)神经网络,分析人因失误非线性动力学过程。以起重机操作岗位作为人因可靠性分析(HRA)实例,首先,建立基于"作业人员、交流界面、作业环境、作业特性、作业组织"的人因可靠性预测指标体系,并对指标进行量化;其次,根据人因可靠性原理,统计出人因失误次数,给出人因失误率;最后,通过对"人的疲劳和情绪、交流通道、作业复杂程度和时间裕度、照明环境和风力影响、工作强度和安全监管"等因素的分析,构建基于RBF的起重机操作岗位人因可靠性预测分析神经网络模型。分析结果表明,RBF预测分析同时包含人的操作可靠性与认知可靠性,预测结果同现场实际观测结果的符合度达到92.0%。