我国城市垃圾处理现状及问题分析

随着人口的增长和人们生活城市生活垃圾产量的增长,成分日趋复杂,危害也日益显露和突出,这种危害不是单方面的因素,而是全方面的因素所引起的,如生活水平质量的提高,消费观的改变,人们总体环保意识的欠缺等等,本文通过分析我国城市垃圾处理现状,提出一些切实可行的方法,一起规范和提高我国垃圾处理水平。     

白音华一号露天矿工程环境监理的实践与探讨

白音华一号露天矿工程施工建设过程中,将会造成大气污染、地表水污染、地下水疏干、噪声污染、排土场及工业场地占地等大量生态环境问题。因此,在工程施工之初开展环境监理工作,对加强环境保护“三同时”制度,落实污染物防治及生态保护措施具有十分重要的意义。     

“十一五”期间通辽市环境质量存在的主要问题及成因

本文通过对＂十一五＂期间通辽市环境质量监测数据的统计分析,从污染源和环境质量的关系得出存在的问题,从自然环境要素与生态环境两个角度总结＂十一五＂期间存在的问题。通过对环境质量的问题分析,寻找产生这些问题的原因,从而为改善环境质量提供解决的途径。     

中国煤炭资源不同区带的生态环境特征

中国煤炭的“井”字型分布格局除了是对煤炭资源地质的、地理的、社会经济的区域分异现象,同时也基本是对不同煤炭资源发展区的生态环境特征进行区域上的归结。论文总结了不同煤炭资源发展区的生态环境特征和存在的主要生态环境问题。     

分光光度法中不同光程长度比色皿间关系验证

参照《纳氏试剂分光光度法》的方法原理,用分光光度计对3种光程长度比色皿分别进行比色,探讨不同光程长度比色皿间关系。     

黄河宁蒙河段突发性水污染事件中应急监测探讨

介绍了黄河宁蒙河段近几年突发性水污染事件应急监测基本情况,总结了应急监测的特点、作用,对突发性水污染事件中应急监测中存在的问题进行了重点分析,提出了解决的对策。     

城市污水生物脱氮除磷的新理论与技术

评述了近年来城市污水生物脱氮除磷理论和功能微生物的研究进展,重点介绍了生物处理的新方法：短程硝化反硝化处理法、厌氧氨氧化处理法、同步硝化反硝化处理法、同步反硝化除磷脱氮法,并总结了各处理工艺的应用状况。对生物脱氮除磷微生物学和新的理论技术发展趋势做出了展望。     

辽河流域水环境压力及污染治理模式研究

系统分析了辽河流域近十年社会经济和水污染物排放之间的关系,基于污染物排放强度和人均GDP指标,建立辽河流域COD和氨氮环境学习曲线;结合情景分析法预测在现有治污水平下,辽河流域未来水污染物排放趋势及水环境压力。结果表明,辽河流域水环境压力巨大。根据辽河流域污染治理中存在的实际问题,提出新时期的污染治理模式。     

Application of CGP-cross route process for microstructure refinement and mechanical properties improvement in steel sheets

A modified method of severe plastic deformation (SPD) entitled constrained groove pressing-cross route (CGP-CR) was introduced for imposing a high magnitude of equivalent strain of about 2.32 per pass on the sheet form samples. The major benefit of this improved route compared to previous common route was the more homogeneity of strain in the rolling (RD) and transverse (TD) directions of sheets. In this study, low carbon steel samples were used for examination of evolutions in microstructure and mechanical properties during SPD via CGP-CR process. Mechanical properties improvement were measured by tensile and macro hardness tests. The results indicate that CGP-CR process can effectively improve tensile strength; and also, yield stress and hardness of as-received low carbon steel samples were improved up to about 100% after two deformation passes. Also, high magnitude of inhomogeneity can be observed in hardness distribution through first pass of the process which diminishes in the subsequent passes. Microstructural evolutions during process were monitored by optical microscopy observations and X-ray diffraction analysis. The results demonstrate that initial ferritic microstructure with grain size of about 30 μm was refined to a 225 nm cell structure after two passes of CGP-CR process.     

Modulation-assisted high speed machining of compacted graphite iron (CGI)

The application of controlled, low-frequency modulation (～100 Hz) superimposed onto the cutting process in the feed-direction – modulation-assisted machining (MAM) – is shown to be quite effective in reducing the wear of cubic boron nitride (CBN) tools when machining compacted graphite iron (CGI) at high machining speeds (>500 m/min). The tool life is at least 20 times greater than in conventional machining. This significant reduction in wear is a consequence of the multiple effects realized by MAM, including periodic disruption of the tool–workpiece contact, formation of discrete chips, enhanced fluid action and lower cutting temperatures. The propensity for thermochemical wear of CBN, the principal wear mode at high speeds in CGI machining, is thus reduced. The tool wear in MAM is also found to be smaller at the higher cutting speeds (730 m/min) tested. The feed-direction MAM appears feasible for implementation in industrial machining applications involving high speeds.