四湖地区湿地农田土壤养分障碍与养分平衡及合理施肥

在分析湖北江汉平原四湖地区成土条件与特征的基础上．揭示了四湖地区湿地农田土壤主要养分障碍及农田生态系统养分平衡状况，并对水稻施肥的效应及合理施肥技术进行了研究．     

西藏“一江两河”地区土地资源合理开发

西藏“一江两河”地区是自治区政治、经济与文化中心,是近期重点开发区。该地区农业资源丰富,生产基础好,农业生产发展潜力大。本文着重评述了该地区农林牧各类土地资源的数量、质量和开发潜力,提出了合理利用与保护土地资源的途径和对策,为该地区农业生产的持续稳定发展提供科学依据和有益意见。     

安全激励对具从众动机的建筑工人不安全行为的干预作用

为了研究安全激励对具有从众动机的建筑工人不安全行为的干预作用,识别建筑工人不安全行为的影响及干预因素,分别对具有从众动机的建筑工人不安全行为发生机理、安全奖励和安全惩罚的干预机理进行假定。基于调研数据,采用SPSS和AMOS工具展开模型拟合。研究结果表明:安全激励对建筑工人不安全行为有一定的干预作用;奖励对从众动机建筑工人的安全动机的端正产生0.108的正向影响、对安全能力的提升产生0.121的正向影响;惩罚对从众动机的建筑工人的安全心理健康产生0.140的正向影响、对安全知识的学习产生0.250的正向影响。基于此,提出预防具有从众动机的建筑工人不安全行为的有效措施。     

涔天河水库灌区土壤资源特点及其合理利用

对涔天河水库灌区土壤资源现状，特点进行了调查研究，对土壤资源利用中存在的问题进行了剖析，并提出了合理利用土地资源，提高土壤生产力的措施。     

唐山市水资源合理配置研究

针对唐山市水资源条件和开发利用现状,建立了智能型水资源合理配置模型,采用层次化动态水资源合理配置方法,依据四水转化原理,对多种水源的利用进行多年逐时段水资源配置,实现了水量水质统一配置,地表水与地下水联合供水,分部门分行业科学配水,多水源多用户时空联合调配.     

A MODIFIED RATIONAL FORMULA FOR FLOOD DESIGN IN SMALL BASINS1

ABSTRACT: New formulas and procedures under the framework of the Rational Formula are presented that are applicable to flood design problems for a small basin if the geometry of the basin can be approximated as an ellipse or a rhombus. Instead of making the assumption in the traditional rational formula that the rainfall is uniformly distributed in the whole duration (D_w) of a design storm, the new method modifies that assumption as: the rainfall is uniformly distributed only in each time interval CD) of the design storm hyetograph, thus extending the rational formula applicable to the case that the rainfall duration is less than the basin concentration time (T_c). The new method can be applied to estimate the flood design peak discharge, and to generate the flood hydrograph simultaneously. The derivation of the formulas is provided in detail in this paper, and an example is also included to illustrate how to apply the new formulas to the flood design problems in small basins.     

环境治理博弈复杂性与演化均衡稳定性分析

根据系统工程和环境经济学相关理论,环境治理博弈具有限理性、自主性、动态性、经济性等特点,针对当前环境治理博弈研究中完全信息、静态决策和理性决策等的局限性,文章运用演化博弈理论方法,建立了一个环境治理博弈的演化博弈均衡模型,分析了参与博弈主体的动态演变过程。研究结果表明,环境治理状况的演化方向与双方博弈的支付矩阵相关,同时与系统初始状态相关。并得出监管成本、处罚力度,以及企业的社会责任是影响环境治理状况演变的关键因素。     

Repetitive flood victims and acceptance of FEMA mitigation offers: an analysis with community-system policy implications

Of all natural disasters, flooding causes the greatest amount of economic and social damage. The United States' Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) uses a number of hazard mitigation grant programmes for flood victims, including mitigation offers to relocate permanently repetitive flood loss victims. This study examines factors that help to explain the degree of difficulty repetitive flood loss victims experience when they make decisions about relocating permanently after multiple flood losses. Data are drawn from interviews with FEMA officials and a survey of flood victims from eight repetitive flooding sites. The qualitative and quantitative results show the importance of rational choices by flood victims in their mitigation decisions, as they relate to financial variables, perceptions of future risk, attachments to home and community, and the relationships between repetitive flood loss victims and the local flood management officials who help them. The results offer evidence to suggest the value of a more community-system approach to FEMA relocation practices.     

黄土高原湿润期特点与农业生产布局

本文利用黄土高原208个气象台(站)的历年旬降水量与计算的旬潜在蒸发量之比(R/PE),经过10旬滑动平均计算,确定了湿润期(G)及变差系数(C)、播种雨开始期(S)及其标准差(δ)和干旱指数(A),同时还计算了湿润期内出现的干旬(D)、湿旬(W)及其标准差(β、α)。湿润期及其变量的研究,对合理安排农业生产具有重要意义。     

基于DEA模型的我国东部地区SO_2有效削减比率研究

"十一五"规划纲要中明确提出了主要污染物排放总量减少10%的战略目标,合理进行SO2削减是实现这一目标的基础。运用基于生产前沿的DEA模型计算了我国东部地区11个省、直辖市1990到2007年18年间的SO2有效削减百分比。计算结果显示,经济越发达、产业结构越优化的地区,该值越小。1990~2007年间的平均SO2有效削减百分比上海、广东、福建、海南最小,一直为0。北京、天津、浙江、江苏较低,平均SO2有效削减百分比分别为13.83%、15.31%、18.36%、21.14%,而河北、山东最高,分别为39.81%、32.00%,应该加强这些地区的SO2削减,采取措施提高SO2排放效率。