外源亚精胺对盐胁迫下黄瓜根系多胺含量和抗氧化系统的影响

采用营养液栽培,研究了外源亚精胺(Spd)对盐胁迫下抗盐能力不同的2个黄瓜品种"长春密刺"和"津春2号"幼苗根系生长以及根系中多胺(PAs)含量和抗氧化系统的影响.结果表明,外源Spd提高了盐胁迫下黄瓜根系游离态Spd和精胺(Spm)、酸可溶性结合态和酸不溶性结合态腐胺(Put)、Spd和Spm含量,降低了游离态Put含量;同时提高了超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,降低了超氧阴离子(O2(-/.))产生速率、过氧化氢(H2O2)和丙二醛(MDA)含量及电解质渗透率,明显促进了幼苗根系生长;根系中酸不溶性结合态Spd含量与抗氧化酶活性间呈正相关性.表明黄瓜幼苗根系中较高的游离态Spd和Spm、酸可溶性结合态和酸不溶性结合态PAs尤其是酸不溶性结合态Spd含量有利于提高植株抗氧化酶活性,降低O2(-/.)产生速率和膜脂伤害,增强植株抗盐性.     

Nutrient retention in tile-fed and non-tile reconstructed oxbows in north central Iowa

Nutrient export from the agricultural Midwest threatens the Gulf of Mexico and new conservation practices are needed to reduce the loss of nutrient from subsurface tile drainage systems. Oxbows are natural waterbodies formed when a river cuts off a meander loop and water quality benefits of reconstructed oxbows are being increasingly recognized. In this study, we monitored four reconstructed oxbow sites (two tile-fed, two non-tile) over a 2-year period in north-central Iowa and assessed their capacity for NO₃-N and dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) reductions. Water flow and quality monitoring of tiles, shallow groundwater, oxbow and receiving streams documented that the oxbows were dominated by tile drainage inputs. NO₃-N concentrations were highest in the drainage tiles flowing into the tile-fed oxbows (mean 8–10 mg/L) and much lower in floodplain groundwater (<1–2 mg/L). Annual NO₃-N loads into the tile-fed oxbows were substantially larger than input loads into the non-tiled oxbows. For the two tile-fed oxbows, the 2-year NO₃-N retention efficiencies were very similar (0.76–0.77) and on a monthly basis, greater retention efficiencies were measured in summer and fall. DRP concentrations and loads into the tile-fed oxbows were too low to allow for meaningful estimates of retention. Reconstructing oxbows to receive tile drainage water should be considered a sustainable conservation practice for tile drainage treatment in agricultural areas.     

粉煤灰对单体直接染料脱色效果的研究

就粉煤灰的投加量、染料的初始浓度、pH值及脱色时间等因素对单体直接染料脱色效果进行了研究，结果表明：在加灰量为0.006g/ml、gH值为2－10、脱色时间为20－30min时，粉煤灰对单体直接染料具有良好的脱色效果。     

TiO2薄膜光催化剂的制备及其活性

用活化反应蒸发技术制备了不同附载条件的TiO2薄膜光催化剂，膜厚度在0．5μm－1.2μm之间，经400℃退火后用XRD测定其晶型结构，发现无定型TiO2已部分转变为锐钛矿型。薄膜光催化剂连续使用两次活性会下降，用HCl冲洗活性即可恢复。考察了不同波长的电光源和不同辐射强度的太阳光下两种催化剂薄膜的活性比较，结果发现短波长电光源下（254nm）膜厚度以0．5μm最佳，而强烈辐射的太阳光下膜厚度以1.2μm最佳。     

Study on the decolorization of dyes by microorganisms

Thirteen strains of bacteria with ability of dye decolonization were isolated from activated sludge and biofilm collected from textile wastewater treatment plants, and identified as Alteromonas, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter. Alcali-genes and Corynobacterium. These strains D33, D32, D4 of Alteromonas can decolorize 29 kinds of dyes with good decolorizing activities of about 2.6 mg dye/gram wet cells.h-1. The optimum pH was 7-8 and the temperature was 37℃. The growth of bacteria was 3 times better in shaking cultures than in static cultures. But the decolorization rate of dyes was 4-9 times more in the latter than in the former. The results from the examination of the reaction products of Diamond Chrome Red B and Diamond Narry Blue RRN indicated the possibility of biodegradation of these dyes by Enterobacter D17.     

厌氧酸化+兼氧+好氧工艺处理印染废水小试实验

某印染厂废水处理系统拟使用厌氧酸化+兼氧+好氧工艺对其生化处理部分进行改造,为减少改造风险进行小试研究。研究中改变进水污染物浓度和水力停留时间等条件,考察了不同条件下的处理效果的异同,小试的研究表明厌氧酸化+兼氧+好氧工艺处理该印染厂废水具有较好的效果,其结果可为同类型废水处理参考和借鉴。     

固定化无花果曲霉对活性艳蓝KN-R的脱色

采用海藻酸钙法固定不同状态无花果曲霉，形成活菌固定化小球和死菌固定化小球。同时考察了不同因素如培养时间、温度、pH、染料浓度对活性艳蓝KN-R的脱色影响。试验结果表明：在33℃、pH为5．0、150r／min的振荡条件下，经66h它对活性艳蓝KN-R的脱色达到最佳效果。两种不同状态固定化小球的脱色率有较大的差别，其中活菌固定化小球的脱色率明显高于死菌固定化小球。其中活菌固定化小球经3次脱色后能重复使用，脱色率仍达79．8％。     

锰砂催化电化学方法对染料K2G脱色效果的研究

研究了锰砂催化电化学方法对偶氮染料K2G的脱色效果 .结果表明 ,锰砂中的主要成份MnOOH对电化学过程具有催化作用 ,可有效地提高染料的脱色效率 .对锰砂的X光衍射实验证明 ,反应过程中MnOOH的含量无较大变化 .染料溶液的起始pH值对其脱色率没有明显的影响 .在最佳电流密度di 为 0 2 6A·dm- 2 ,Na2 SO4 浓度为0 0 1mol·l- 1时 ,电解 70min ,浓度为 1 0 0mg·l- 1的染料K2G的脱色率能达到 99% .     

阳离子染料废水的脱色方法及其机理的研究

本文以阳离子染料碱性品红为代表，采用ＰＦＡＳ混凝剂对其水溶液进行脱色处理，在处理过程加入适量的十二烷基苯磺酸钠做助剂，脱色率最高可达９９％以上。本文还研究ｐＨ值及盐效应对脱色率的影响。脱色机理的研究结果表明：阳离子染料在水溶液中与十二烷基苯磺酸钠之间发生化学作用，靠氢键及静电键结合，使原来带正电荷的阳离子染料粒子转变为带负电荷的粒子，再与带正电荷的ＰＦＡＳ混凝剂的胶体作用产生絮凝沉淀。     

壳聚糖在固定化光合细菌处理染料活性艳红X-3B中的应用研究

采用海藻酸钠对光合细菌进行包埋,并在固定化过程中加入壳聚糖,研究添加了壳聚糖的固定化细胞在不同条件下对活性艳红X-3B的脱色效果及其降解动力学.实验结果表明,在厌氧条件下,X-3B的脱色效果较好;染料浓度在30～300 mg/L之间变化时,厌氧降解动力学方程均符合一级动力学方程;降解速率与染料初始浓度之间关系符合Michaelis-Menten方程,反应动力学参数Km=374.96 mg/L,Vmax=7.53 mg/L·h.振荡有利于脱色并使半衰期缩短;固定化小球可重复使用.