白腐菌处理染料废水的研究进展

白腐菌是一种可有效处理染料废水的丝状真菌 ,它可通过其分泌的特殊的降解酶系或其他机制将各种人工合成的染料彻底降解为CO2 和H2 O ,同时 ,对脱色具有良好的作用。本文就白腐菌的生物学特性及其对染料的降解酶系、机理和白腐菌发酵的主要影响因子、白腐菌处理染料废水的有关研究及应用现状进行了综述     

Monitoring trichloroethene remediation at an iron permeable reactive barrier using stable carbon isotopic analysis

Stable carbon isotopic analysis, in combination with compositional analysis, was used to evaluate the performance of an iron permeable reactive barrier (PRB) for the remediation of ground water contaminated with trichloroethene (TCE) at Spill Site 7 (SS7), F.E. Warren Air Force Base, Wyoming. Compositional data indicated that although the PRB appeared to be reducing TCE to concentrations below treatment goals within and immediately downgradient of the PRB, concentrations remained higher than expected at wells further downgradient (i.e. >9 m) of the PRB. At two wells downgradient of the PRB, TCE concentrations were comparable to upgradient values, and delta13C values of TCE at these wells were not significantly different than upgradient values. Since the process of sorption/desorption does not significantly fractionate carbon isotope values, this suggests that the TCE observed at these wells is desorbing from local aquifer materials and was present before the PRB was installed. In contrast, three other downgradient wells show significantly more enriched delta13C values compared to the upgradient mean. In addition, delta13C values for the degradation products of TCE, cis-dichloroethene and vinyl chloride, show fractionation patterns expected for the products of the reductive dechlorination of TCE. Since concentrations of both TCE and degradation products drop to below detection limit in wells within the PRB and directly below it, these downgradient chlorinated hydrocarbon concentrations are attributed to desorption from local aquifer material. The carbon isotope values indicate that this dissolved contaminant is subject to local degradation, likely due to in situ microbial activity.     

镧、锌及其交互作用对浮萍活性氧清除系统的影响

以浮萍(Lemnaminor)为材料,研究La、Zn及其交互作用对体内活性氧清除系统的影响,单独施加20mg·L-1的La或Zn对浮萍都有明显的伤害作用,且Zn的毒性远大于La。La、Zn复合处理不同程度地减弱各自的毒性,表现为植株叶绿素含量、蛋白质含量及过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性下降减缓;谷胱甘肽(GSH)、抗坏血酸(AsA)含量提高;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性增强;过氧化物酶(POD)活性降低。各处理对浮萍的毒性由大到小的顺序依次为:Zn、La、Zn+La。     

Decolorization and bio degradation metabolism of azo dyes by Pseudomonas S-42

A bacterial strain was isolated from activated sludge and has been identified as Pseudomonas sp. S-42 capable of decolorizing azo dyes such as Diamira Brilliant Orange RR (DBO-RR), Direct Brown M (DBM), Eriochrome Brown R (EBR) and so on. The growing cells, intact cells, cell-free extract and purified enzyme of strain S-42 could decolorize azo dyes under similar conditions at the optimum pH 7.0 and temperature of 37℃. The efficiencies of decolorization for DBO-RR, DBM, EBR with intact cells stood more than 90%. When the cell concentration was 15mg (wet)/ml and the reaction time was 5 hours, the decolorizing activities of intact cells for above three azo dyes were 1.75, 2.4, 0.95 μg dye/mg cell, respectively. Cell-free extract and purified enzyme belonged to azoreductase with molecular weight about 34000±2000 and Vmax and Km values for DBO-RR of 13μmol/mg protein/nun and 54μmol, respectively. The results from the detection of the biodegradation products of DBO-RR by spectrophotometric and NaNO₂ reaction methods showed that the biodegradation of azo dyes was initiated by the reducing cleavage of azo bonds. The biodegradation metabolism path for DBO-RR by Psued. S-42 was hypothesized.     

曲霉HD_1的分离及其对染料脱色特性的研究

曲霉ＨＤ１的分离及其对染料脱色特性的研究李孱白景华文艺辉陈怀新（湖北大学生命科学系，武汉４３００６２）李林（华中农业大学微生物系，武汉４３００７０）关键词虎红；偶氮染料；曲霉；脱色；降解．高效的染料脱色菌是解决染料对环境污染的基础和关键．虽然已有许...     

Comparison of four supports for adsorption of reactive dyes by immobilized beads

Four materials, sodium carboxymethylcellulose （Na-CMC）, sodium alginate （SA）, polyvinyl alcohol （PVA）, and chitosan （CTS）, were prepared as supports for entrapping fungus Aspergillusfumigatus. The adsorption of synthetic dyes, Reactive Brilliant Blue KN- R, and Reactive Brilliant Red K-2BP, by these immobilized gel beads and plain gel beads was evaluated. The adsorption efficiencies of Reactive Brilliant Red K-2BP and Reactive Brilliant Blue KN-R by CTS immobilized beads were 89.1% and 93.5% in 12 h, respectively. The adsorption efficiency by Na-CMC immobilized beads was slightly lower than that of mycelial pellets. But the dye culture mediums were almost completely decolorized in 48 h using the above-mentioned two immobilized beads （exceeding 95%）. The adsorption efficiency by SA immobilized beads exceeded 92% in 48 h. PVA-SA immobilized beads showed the lowest adsorption efficiency, which was 79.8% for Reactive Brilliant Red K-2BP and 92.5% for Reactive Brilliant Blue KN-R in 48 h. Comparing the adsorption efficiency by plain gel beads, Na-CMC plain gel beads ranked next to CTS ones. SA and PVA-SA plain gel beads hardly had the ability of adsorbing dyes. Subsequently, the growth of mycelia in Na-CMC and SA immobilized beads were evaluated. The biomass increased continuously in 72 h. The adsorption capacity of Reactive Brilliant Red K-2BP and Reactive Brilliant Blue KN-R by Na-CMC immobilized beads was 78.0 and 86.7 mg/g, respectively. The SEM micrographs show that the surface structure of Na-CMC immobilized bead is loose and finely porous, which facilitates diffusion of the dyes.     

黄孢原毛平革菌反复脱色模拟染料废水的试验研究

研究了白腐真菌黄孢原毛平革菌在35℃、150r／min条件下培养3d后，培养基类型、染料浓度以及反复脱色次数对其脱色的影响。玉米芯浸出液是首选的可替代营养源的物质，培养3d的黄孢原毛平革菌6h脱色率即达92％。黄孢原毛平革菌能够在短时间(6h)基本脱色较高浓度(40mg／L，60mg／L)的活性艳红K-2BP模拟染料废水，对于低浓度(10mg／L，20mg／L)脱色作用则比较缓慢，浓度超过150mg／L即显示出对菌的毒性作用。玉米芯浸出液培养3d的菌可以重复脱色模拟废水6次以上，每批脱色率均在82％以上，但菌球的沉降性能变差。     

高晶度Mn-Fe LDH催化剂活化过一硫酸盐降解偶氮染料RBK5

采用改进的共沉淀结合水热法制备高晶度锰铁层状双金属氢氧化物作为催化剂,用于高效活化过一硫酸盐(PMS)降解活性黑5(RBK5).通过X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线能谱分析(EDS)、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)以及X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对材料进行表征,证明成功合成了结晶度高、层状结构突出的Mn-Fe LDH.同时探究了锰铁量比,催化剂投加量,PMS浓度和初始pH值等因素对RBK5的吸附效果、催化降解及反应动力学的影响.结果表明,高晶度Mn-Fe LDH催化剂具有良好的吸附能力和高效的催化效率,在n(Mn)/n(Fe)比为1∶1,催化剂投加量为0.2 g·L~(-1),PMS浓度为1 mmol·L~(-1),初始pH为7时,RBK5(20 mg·L~(-1))在90 min内降解率可达86%,整个反应过程符合拟一级动力学(R~20.9).自由基猝灭实验表明,Mn-Fe LDH/PMS体系降解RBK5为SO~-_4·和·OH两种活性自由基共同作用的结果.反应前后催化剂的XPS分析表明Mn和Fe存在协同作用,Mn-Fe LDH的Mn(Ⅱ)和Fe(Ⅲ)与层间的CO~(2-)_3电荷平衡,使其层状结构稳定,从而促进了层状表面Mn和Fe的协同作用,提高了Mn-Fe LDH对PMS的活化效率.三维荧光光谱(3D-EEM)和UV-Vis扫描光谱分析初步探讨了RBK5的降解过程.     

微量元素锰对威氏海链藻生长及叶绿素荧光的影响

微藻和高等植物的光系统Ⅱ中的放氧复合体(oxygen-evolving complex,OEC)是裂解水与释放氧气、质子和电子的部位,其中水裂解的反应中心由4个锰原子组成的锰族构成.叶绿素荧光诱导动力学分析技术是研究光合作用特征的有效方法,可以指示不同环境压力下光系统各构件的变化.利用该技术研究了锰添加(0~9 000 nmol·L~(-1)Mn)对威氏海链藻(Conticribra weissflogii)生长及叶绿素荧光特性的影响.结果表明,除最高浓度锰(9 000 nmol·L~(-1)Mn)外,其余浓度锰对威氏海链藻生长的影响均不显著;锰对威氏海链藻叶绿素荧光参数的影响与锰添加的浓度范围有关,且随培养时间的增加而增强:其中,较低浓度锰(90 nmol·L~(-1)Mn)对各叶绿素荧光参数都呈现了强影响效果.尽管锰可能不是威氏海链藻生长的限制因子,但是锰从两方面促进了其光合作用:(1)促进光系统Ⅱ供体侧OEC结构的完整性和从OEC到电子传递中间体Tyr之间的电子传递;(2)促进光系统Ⅱ受体侧的能量转化和QA之后的电子传递.研究还发现,光合作用中与能量转化相关的荧光参数和活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)之间呈显著相关(P 0. 01),表明锰在威氏海链藻光合作用过程及ROS的产生中都扮演着重要角色.     

Thermal runaway reaction for highly exothermic material in safe storage temperature

Highly exothermic materials have caused many serious accidents involving storage and transportation, due to being thermally reactive. The safe storage and management of these materials is still a critical problem in many countries. Our aim was to study the thermal hazard of thermal reactive materials, such as a propellant, by employing differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) non-isothermal tests and isothermal tests, and then comparing the kinetic parameters by isothermal and non-isothermal of kinetics. The chosen approach was to obtain reliable thermal decomposition by a safe and effective method, which acquired the kinetic and safety parameters of storage conditions that could be applied as highly exothermic materials' reduction of loss prevention and energy potential for safer design during storage transport and processing operations.