保定市冬季PM2.5的氧化潜势特征及其影响来源分析

为了探究保定市郊区2018年冬季PM_2.5氧化潜势的特征及其影响来源,利用二硫苏糖醇（DTT）测定法对PM_2.5中活性氧进行测定,采用皮尔逊相关分析PM_2.5中各化学成分与氧化潜势的关系,并且利用PMF对DTT_v进行污染源解析.结果表明,冬季保定市ρ(PM_2.5)平均值为（140.96±70.67）μg·m^-3,高于同时期北京PM_2.5浓度.氧化潜势的DTT_v和DTT_m值均表现出白天高于夜间的情况[DTT_v白天为（2.37±0.76） nmol·（min·m³）^-1,夜间为（2.14±1.17） nmol·（min·m³）^-1; DTT_m白天为（0.96±0.60） pmol·（min·μg）^-1,夜间为（0.76±0.41） pmol·（...     

中国区域反应性气体排放源清单

反应性气体是形成气溶胶及酸雨、光化学烟雾等环境问题的重要前体物,采用政府部门公布的基础数据(包括社会－经济数据、化石燃料和生物质燃料消耗、废物处理数据等,绝大部分为县级水平)及一些较新的、中国特有的排放因子,计算了中国大陆2007年高时空分辨率的关键反应性气体SO2、NOx、CO、NH3、VOCs的排放源清单.计算出的全国和各地区的排放量使用了0.5°×0.5°的网格来显示,结果表明,各反应性气体的估算年排放量分别为:SO2 3158.4万t,主要是燃煤所致;NOx、CO分别为2492.6,15785.2万t,均主要来源于燃煤和生物质燃烧;NH3 1601.7万t,主要源于动物排放和农田化肥的使用;VOCs 3709.8万t,主要源于溶剂挥发、废物处理、交通源等.本研究计算的排放结果比以前的清单稍高,主要是由于部分排放量以前被低估了;东部地区的排放量比西部高.反应性气体的排放具有较强的季节性,主要是由于自然因素及居民采暖、农业秸秆的露天焚烧的季节性等所致.     

渗透反应墙技术处理铀尾矿库渗漏水的研究现状

铀尾矿库渗漏已造成严重的环境辐射问题。为保护铀尾矿库区地下水资源及其生态环境,迫切需要一种低价有效的方法对库区地下水放射性污染进行治理。渗透反应墙技术是用于原位治理污染地下水中污染组分的一种高效技术。介绍了铀尾矿库区地下水铀污染的几种主要修复技术,渗透反应墙的基本原理,结构类型及设计安装,分析了零价铁反应材料去除铀的作用机理,综述了当前国内外渗透反应墙技术治理铀矿山及尾矿库区地下水铀污染的实际工程应用情况,最后指出该技术当前存在的问题,并提出相应的研究展望。     

改性硅藻土对三种有机染料的吸附作用研究

以天然硅藻土分别负载十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)、四甲基溴化铵(TMAB)和壳聚糖,制得一系列改性硅藻土,研究了改性硅藻土吸附水中的阴离子染料(活性红120)、阳离子染料(亚甲基蓝)、酸性染料(玫瑰红B)的适宜条件及吸附机理.结果表明,天然硅藻土对亚甲基蓝、四甲基溴化铵改性硅藻土对玫瑰红B和壳聚糖改性硅藻土对活性红120的饱和吸附量分别为51.15、49.56、56.64mg.L-1,效果良好,可被直接利用.延长吸附时间、增大吸附剂用量、控制溶液的pH值(<6)都能提高改性硅藻土吸附剂的吸附效果;3种染料在各自吸附剂上的平衡吸附量Qe与平衡浓度Ce之间的关系均符合Freundlich等温吸附方程,表明改性硅藻土吸附染料以分配作用、弱的溶质吸收为主.改性剂的引入可以改变硅藻土的表面电性,从而对不同类型染料的吸附能力产生不同影响.     

An Empirical, Quantitative Approach to Predict the Reactivity of Some Substituted Aromatic Compounds Towards Reactive Radical Species (Cl2-·, Br2-·, ·NO2, SO3-·, SO4-·) in Aqueous Solution (3 pp)

The Hammett approach, applied to the reaction of various classes of aromatic compounds with the radicals Cl2-*, Br2-*, *NO2, SO3-*, and SO4-* yielded good predictive models, supported by high values of the correlation coefficient r2 in the case of phenols with Cl2-* and of phenolates with *NO2 and SO3-*. Lower but statistically significant correlation coefficients could be obtained for benzoates with Cl2-*, phenolates with Br2-*, and benzoates and anisoles with SO4-*.     

Adsorption behavior of Azo Dye C. I. Acid Red 14 in aqueous solution on surface soils

Azo dyes have received considerable attention because of their association with various human health problems. The aim of the investigation is to determine the adsorption behavior ofazo dyes in aqueous solution on DG06, GSE17200, and GSE17201 soils using C. I. Acid Red 14 （AR14） as example. The experimental results indicate that the Freundlich model expresses the adsorption isotherm better than the Langmuir model and the pseudo-second-order model achieves adsorption of AR14 on the three soils well. Based on the pseudo-second-order model, the adsorption thermodynamic of AR14 on DG06 soil have been studied and the thermodynamics parameter of AGO is determined and AGO value shows the adsorption process of AR14 on DG06 is mainly physical in nature. Furthermore, the effects of temperature, pH and salinity （NaC1） on adsorption have been investigated. The decrease in pH or the increase in salinity enhances the adsorption of AR14 by DG06, GSE17200, and GSE17201.     

污染水中营养物质去除的新技术探讨

从廉价高效的角度出发，介绍了三种去除污染水中N、P等营养物质的新技术：渗透性反应墙、人工湿地、水生附着物-鱼系统，并简要分析了其存在的问题及发展前景。希望通过这次探讨，为污染水净化提供一种新思路。     

Effect of natural aquatic humic substances on the photodegradation of bisphenol A

The photochemical degradation of bisphenol A (BPA) was studied in the presence of natural humic substances from different origins under simulated solar irradiation. BPA underwent insignificant direct photolysis in neutral water, but rapid photosensitized degradation in four humic substances solutions via pseudo-first-order reaction occurred. The photo-degradation rate of BPA was insensitive to the different initial BPA concentrations and was inhibited in aerated solution compared with the deoxygenated medium. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as ·OH and ¹O₂ produced from excitation of humic substances under irradiation was determined from the quenching kinetic experiment using molecular probe. The five main intermediate photoproducts of BPA in Nordic lake fulvic acid (NOFA) were tentatively identified using gas chromatography/mass spectrometer (GC/MS). Based on the identification of ROS and the analysis of photoproduct formation, the possible phototransformation pathways of BPA were proposed, involving the direct photolysis due to the energy transfer from the triplet state humic substance (³HS*) to BPA molecules and hydroxyl radical addition and oxidation as well. Translated from Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2005, 25(6): 816–820 [译自: 环境科学学报]     

Chemical speciation and anthropogenic sources of ambient volatile organic compounds(VOCs)during summer in Beijing,2004

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured at six sites in Beijing in August, 2004. Up to 148 VOC species, including C₃ to C₁₂ alkanes, C₃ to C₁₁ alkenes, C₆ to C₁₂ aromatics, and halogenated hydrocarbons, were quantified. Although the concentrations differed at the sites, the chemical compositions were similar, except for the Tongzhou site where aromatics were significantly high in the air. Based on the source profiles measured from previous studies, the source apportionment of ambient VOCs was preformed by deploying the chemical mass balance (CMB) model. The results show that urban VOCs are predominant from mobile source emissions, which contribute more than 50% of the VOCs (in mass concentrations) to ambient air at most sites. Other important sources are gasoline evaporation, painting, and solvents. The exception is at the Tongzhou site where vehicle exhaust, painting, and solvents have about equal contribution, around 35% of the ambient VOC concentration. As the receptor model is not valid for deriving the sources of reactive species, such as isoprene and 1,3-butadiene, other methodologies need to be further explored.