Removal of Methylene Blue from aqueous solution by marine green alga Ulva lactuca

Biosorption of colours is an important technology for treatment of different types of industrial wastewaters containing dyes. The objective of this study was to convert green alga Ulva lactuca to dye adsorbents for wastewater treatment. The importance of commonly available green alga Ulva lactuca was investigated as viable biomaterials for the biological treatment of synthetic basic blue 9 (5-ch1oro-N,N,N^',N^'-tetramethyl-5λ⁴-phenothiazine-3,7-diamine) effluents. The results obtained from the batch experiments revealed the ability of the green algae to remove the basic blue 9, and this was dependent on the dye concentration, pH, and algal biomass. We investigated the equilibrium and kinetics of adsorption, and the Langmuir and Freundlich equations were used to fit the equilibrium isotherm. The adsorption isotherm of basic blue 9 followed both the Langmuir and Freundlich models with a correlation coefficient of ∼0.96-0.99, and the adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order model (R²=1.0). The maximum adsorption capacity was about 40.2 mg of dye per gram of dry green algae at pH 10, 25 g l^-1 dye and 2.5 g l^-1 alga concentrations. This study demonstrated that the green algae could be used as an effective biosorbent for the treatment of dye-containing wastewater streams.     

The Relationship Between Iodine, Chlorinity, Ph, Reactive Phosphate, Nitrite and Organic Matter in the Coastal Water of Alexandria

Water samples were taken from 12 stations at El-Dikheila Harbour, El-Mex Bay, Western Harbour, Qayet Bey outfall, Eastern Harbour, El-Ibrahemiya, Gleem, Sidi Bishr and Mandara, during January, April, August and November 1995. the area lies between latitude 31˚ 8' and 31˚ 17' North and longitude 29˚ 47' and 30˚ East. the annual mean of chlorinity (11.69-20.5%₀), pH (7.9-8.3), reactive phosphate (0.31-2.24 μM), nitrite (0.18-1.98 μM), oxidizable organic matter (1.97-8.95 mgO₂ 1^-1), iodide (21.14-46.74 μg 1^-1) and iodate (4.61-2.04 μg 1^-1) were measured. Iodide content in water is three times higher than iodate. Iodide is positively correlated with chlorinity (r=0.65) and iodate (r=0.45), while it is negatively correlated with nitrite (r= -0.72), oxidizable organic matter (r= -0.55) and pH (r= -0.4).     

氨三乙酸强化零价铁/过一硫酸盐降解橙黄G

采用氨三乙酸（NTA）强化和改善零价铁/过一硫酸盐（Fe⁰/PMS）体系降解水中偶氮染料的氧化效能,以橙黄G （OG）为目标污染物,研究了NTA强化Fe⁰/PMS （NTA/Fe⁰/PMS）体系中OG的降解效果和NTA的强化作用机制,并考察了NTA、Fe⁰、PMS等主要反应物浓度和水中常见的共存物质对OG降解效能的影响.结果表明,NTA能够强化Fe⁰/PMS体系降解OG的氧化效能,且初始pH值对其强化作用有显著影响.中性（pH=7）和酸性（pH=3）条件下,NTA/Fe⁰/PMS体系去除OG的表观速率常数分别较Fe⁰/PMS体系提高了31.3倍和5.5倍;增加NTA、Fe⁰和PMS浓度有助于OG的降解,但NTA超过8mmol/L或PMS超过1.0mmol/L时出现抑制现象;水质背景中,Cl^-的存在促进了OG的降解,HCO₃^-、H₂PO₄^-和腐殖酸则表现为不同程度的抑制作用;NTA/Fe⁰/PMS体系中,主导的活性物种为Fe⁰界面产生的SO₄^·-和·OH,界面作用和均相作用对OG的降解分别贡献了约83.2%和16.8%;加入NTA后,体系中生成的Fe³⁺/Fe²⁺能与其迅速形成络合物,既缓解了Fe⁰表面钝化层的形成,促进Fe⁰界面对PMS的直接活化,又提高了溶液中溶解性铁的浓度,促进均相作用对PMS的活化分解,使NTA/Fe⁰/PMS体系降解OG的氧化效能得到强化和改善.     

数值模拟减压集流式可渗透反应墙技术修复地下水

使用可渗透反应墙（PRB）技术修复受污染地下水,当地下水污染羽宽度和深度过大时,PRB的开挖、填料与安装成本较高.为打破PRB技术这一局限性,开发了减压集流式可渗透反应墙技术,通过集流井、输水管道和布水廊道的共同作用缩小污染羽范围并将受污染地下水输送至PRB,通过非完整井减压吸水方式捕获较深的受污染地下水.首先采用地下水井流公式计算减压集流井的关键初始参数,随后进行数值模拟优化参数并确定其它重要参数.在MODFLOW中通过改变减压集流井的井径、井数量、井间距及井与PRB的距离等参数,探究不同参数变化对减压集流效果的影响规律.模拟结果表明在合理的减压集流参数设置下,该设施可有效调控PRB上游的地下水流场,缩小污染羽的范围,在设定条件下受污染地下水断面减小了约50%.该技术显著降低了PRB的规模,拓宽了PRB的应用范围,使其可以处理污染羽范围较大、污染深度大的地下水.     

Reaction Moment at the L5/S1 Joint During Simulated Forward Slipping With a Handheld Load

The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of load on the net moment response at the L5/S1 joint during simulated slip events. Six young individuals were instructed to take one step with a handheld load. Sudden floor movement was randomly introduced to simulate unexpected slips. Different loads conditions (0%, 10%, 20%, 30% of body weight) were introduced at random. Three-dimensional net moments at the L5/S1 joint were computed via downward inverse dynamic model. Peak joint moment generated at 30% load level was found to be significantly higher compared to no-load condition. No peak moment differences were found among no-load, 10% or 20% load levels. Additionally, the findings from this study indicated a flexiondominant net L5/S1 joint moment pattern during motion phase associated with slip-induced falls.     

Non-Point-Source Impacts on Stream Nutrient Concentrations Along a Forest to Urban Gradient

We conducted statistical analyses of a 10-year record of stream nutrient and sediment concentrations for 17 streams in the greater Seattle region to determine the impact of urban non-point-source pollutants on stream water quality. These catchments are dominated by either urban (22–87%) or forest (6–73%) land cover, with no major nutrient point sources. Stream water phosphorus concentrations were moderately strongly (r²=0.58) correlated with catchment land-cover type, whereas nitrogen concentrations were weakly (r²=0.19) and nonsignificantly (at < 0.05) correlated with land cover. The most urban streams had, on average, 95% higher total phosphorus (TP) and 122% higher soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) and 71% higher turbidity than the most forested streams. Nitrate (NO₃), ammonium (NH₄), and total suspended solids (TSS) concentrations did not vary significantly with land cover. These results suggest that urbanization markedly increased stream phosphorus concentrations and modestly increased nitrogen concentrations. However, nutrient concentrations in Seattle region urban streams are significantly less than those previously reported for agricultural area streams.     

CWAO催化剂及其在废水处理中的应用

催化湿式氧化技术是在高温高压条件下处理高浓度、有毒有害且难生物降解污染物的一种高级氧化技术。本文在检索了国内外大量参考文献的基础上,概述了催化湿式氧化技术的最新进展、机理及动力学,总结了催化湿式氧化技术中催化剂的分类、组成、特点及其在废水处理中的应用,以期对有关研究者提供一定的借鉴作用。本文最后肯定并展望了催化湿式氧化技术是有广阔应用前景的水处理技术。     

偶氮染料废水的生物脱色研究进展

对偶氮染料脱色的厌氧以及好氧生物方法进行了综述,内容包含偶氮还原酶的分析、纯化和脱色动力学研究,以及编码偶氮还原酶基因的克隆表达,和表达所得酶与原始酶的活性以及动力学的对比研究方面。     

铁-草酸配合物光分解降解活性染料的研究

研究了铁（Ⅲ)-草酸配合物在可见光及太阳光照射下，对活性染料的光解降解作用。结果表明，在pH=4．0、Fe(Ⅲ)／H2E2O4=0．060mmol／L／2．88mmol／L(草酸分2次加入)、光照3h的条件下，20mg／L的活性红的降解率为97．5％。溶液pH值、铁与草酸浓度比和活性染料浓度均对降解效果产生影响。     

地下水污染修复技术:可渗透反应墙

可渗透反应墙技术(permeable reactive barrier)是一种将溶解的污染物从污染水体中去除的钝性处理技术,是近年来比较流行的地下水污染原位处理方法,许多欧美国家已开始进入广泛的应用。介绍了该处理方法的基本原理、系统的主要结构类型、反应材料的选取等,并着重介绍了Fe0-PRB技术及其相关的技术。