染料在好氧条件下的生物降解性能

根据合成染料的特性选用了较简单易行的３种生物降解性能测定方法,即静置烧瓶筛选试验法,瓦勃氏呼吸仪法,半连续活性污泥法试验,对２６种染料进行了测定分析,并比较了３种方法的结果和原因,同时,就环境因素对有机物生物降解性能测定的影响作了简要讨论,结果表明,多数染料在好氧条件下是难降解的,半连续活性污泥法试验虽然需较长的时间,但较另２种方法准确。     

内电解法白腐菌生物处理活性染料染色废水

研究采用从自然界中采集 ,经分离、纯化 ,得到的对染料废水脱色效果较为明显的菌株 ,应用内电解法对染料废水进行预处理 ,以改善其可生化性之后 ,进行活性染料染色废水的生物处理实验。确定了最佳组合工艺条件 :内电解进水pH值为 3 5 ,停留时间 15min ,白腐菌纤维球载体固定化生物处理 ,进水pH值为 4 5 ,溶解氧浓度 >8mg L ,停留时间 12h ,脱色率达到近 10 0 % ,CODCr、BOD5去除率分别达到 90 7%及 94 8%。     

掺硫改性TiO2对活性艳红X-3B的光催化降解性能研究

以硫脲为硫的源物质,以钛酸四丁酯为TiO₂的前驱体,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了掺硫改性TiO₂光催化剂。以活性艳红X-3B为目标污染物,研究了该催化剂的光催化降解性能,对硫掺杂量、催化剂焙烧温度、溶液pH值以及催化剂添加量等影响因素进行了研究,并采用XRD分析手法对光催化剂进行表征。结果表明,经掺硫改性后的TiO₂的催化活性有了很大提高,且硫的掺杂有一个最佳值,即Ti∶S的摩尔比为1∶1。经掺硫改性的TiO₂在可见光区具备一定的催化活性, 180 min内对活性艳红X-3B的去除率可达35.1%,且在紫外光区的催化活性优于纯TiO₂。     

曝气生态浮床-渗透性反应墙组合工艺水质净化特性研究

通过中试研究,考察了EAFB-PRB组合工艺的动态水质净化特性。结果表明,在3种对比实验工况条件下,组合工艺在HRT为4.2 d时比较适宜,此时TN、TP和COD的平均去除率分别为42.15%、90.48%和61.71%;组合工艺对COD、TP的去除主要发生在浮床区,而PRB区是脱氮的主要单元,组合工艺弥补了单项技术的不足,提高了对污水水质的净化效果。     

交联壳聚糖珠吸附活性染料的动力学研究

利用交联剂环氧氯丙烷(ECH)对壳聚糖进行改性,制备了交联壳聚糖珠,对活性染料(活性艳蓝ST-RV)的脱色性能进行了研究。分别从起始染料浓度(100～200 g/cm3)、温度(30～50℃)以及pH(7～9)考察了对染料吸附的动力学影响。当起始染料浓度为200 g/cm3,温度30℃,pH=7时,交联壳聚糖珠对ST-RV的吸附量达到77.49 mg/g。用准一级和二级动力学模型描述了动力学数据并确定了速率常数,最后进行了交联壳聚糖珠的再生实验。结果表明,吸附数据符合二级动力学模型;当pH=10时,交联壳聚糖珠可少量解吸。     

Fe(0)-EDTA-空气体系降解活性黑染料废水

利用Fe(0)-EDTA-空气(ZEA)体系处理活性黑模拟染料废水。考察了活性黑初始浓度、反应温度、EDTA浓度和溶液酸度对降解效果的影响,用紫外可见吸收光谱检测了染料的降解过程。结果表明,Fe(0)-EDTA混合物在室温常压下,能够活化空气中的氧分子,进而使染料快速降解,升高温度和增加溶液酸度均能提高降解率。在pH为5.35,活性黑初始浓度为25 mg/L,EDTA浓度为0.1 mmol/L,Fe粉用量0.20 g,温度25℃时,脱色率达到95.60%,符合1级反应动力学。     

Epibrassinolide ameliorates Cr (VI) stress via influencing the levels of indole-3-acetic acid, abscisic acid, polyamines and antioxidant system of radish seedlings

The present investigation determined the effects of epibrassinolide (EBL) on the levels of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), and polyamine (PA) and antioxidant potential of 7-d old Raphanus sativus L. cv. ‘Pusa chetki’ seedlings grown under Cr (VI) metal stress. Reduced titers of free (0.767 μg g⁻¹ FW) and bound (0.545 μg g⁻¹ FW) IAA in Cr (VI) stressed seedlings were observed over untreated control. Supplementations of EBL to Cr (VI) stressed seedlings were able to enhance both free (2.14-5.68 μg g⁻¹ FW) and bound IAA (2.45-7.78 μg g⁻¹ FW) concentrations in comparison to Cr (VI) metal treatment alone. Significant rise in free (13.49 μg g⁻¹ FW) and bound (12.17 μg g⁻¹ FW) ABA contents were noticed for Cr (VI) stressed seedlings when compared to untreated control. No significant increase in ABA contents were recorded for Cr (VI) stressed seedlings upon supplementation with EBL over Cr (VI) treatment alone. A significant increase in Put (18.40 μg g⁻¹ FW) and Cad (9.08 μg g⁻¹ FW) contents were found for 10⁻⁹ M EBL plus Cr (VI) metal treatments when compared to Cr (VI) treatment alone. Spermidine (Spd) contents were found to decline significantly for EBL treatment alone or when supplemented with Cr (VI) treatments over untreated controls and Cr (VI) treatment alone. Antioxidant levels were found to enhance, with glutathione (57.98 mg g⁻¹ FW), proline (4.97 mg g⁻¹ FW), glycinebetaine (39.01 μmol mL⁻¹), ascorbic acid (3.17 mg g⁻¹ FW) and phytochelatins (65.69 μmol g⁻¹ FW) contents noted for EBL supplemented to Cr (VI) metal solution over Cr (VI) treatment alone. Reduced activities of guaiacol peroxidase (0.391 U mg⁻¹ protein) and catalase (0.221 U mg⁻¹ protein) and enhanced activities of glutathione reductase (7.14 U mg⁻¹ protein), superoxide dismutase (15.20 U mg⁻¹ protein) and ascorbate peroxidase (4.31 U mg⁻¹ protein) were observed in seedlings treated with EBL plus Cr (VI) over Cr metal treatment alone. Reduced MDA (2.55 μmol g⁻¹ FW) and H₂O₂ (33.24 μmol g⁻¹ FW) contents were recorded for 10⁻⁹ M EBL supplemented to Cr (VI) stress over Cr (VI) treatment alone. Enhancement in free radical scavenging potential as indicated by higher values of 1,1-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl, deoxyribose and reducing power activity assays, and increased levels of phenols and soluble sugars also showed significant influence of EBL in alleviating Cr (VI) stress in radish seedlings.     

Copper tolerance in the macrolichens Cladonia furcata and Cladina arbuscula subsp. mitis is constitutive rather than inducible

In this study we assessed the degree of copper (Cu) tolerance in two common lichen species (Cladonia furcata and Cladina arbuscula subsp. mitis) that grow on both uncontaminated substrata and the surface of waste heaps from abandoned old Cu-mines. Regardless of their locality, populations of these lichens contain identical strains of photobionts (Asterochloris clade A in C. arbuscula subsp. mitis and clade D in C. furcata). Therefore, it was expected that if there were differences in Cu toxicity or tolerance between populations, that the photobiont could not be a key element of Cu tolerance in these two lichen species. In laboratory experiments samples of both lichen species (from contaminated and control sites) were incubated in Cu solutions (500 μM) for 24 h. We attempted to determine whether Cu tolerance in these lichens was constitutive, or inducible form. Based on measurements of Cu accumulation, chlorophyll a integrity, chlorophyll a fluorescence, photosynthesis, respiration, measurements of the content of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), the content of soluble proteins, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the amount of extracellular secondary metabolites of both lichens we found that there were no significant differences in the response of all selected populations of both lichen species to short-term exposure to these high levels of Cu. As a result, we conclude that Cu tolerance in these two lichen species is the constitutive rather than the inducible.     

阴/阳离子有机蛭石制备及其对活性艳红的吸附热力学研究

采用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)和十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)对钠基蛭石进行阴/阳离子有机改性,并用X射线衍射和红外光谱技术对改性蛭石进行了结构表征,结果表明:改性后,蛭石的基本骨架并没有发生变化,表面活性剂分子进入蛭石晶片层间;热力学分析表明,等温吸附规律可用Freundlich和Langmuir模式较好地模拟;热...